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Book 12 – Chapter 067
BORI CE: 12-067-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-067-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच चातुराश्रम्यमुक्तं ते चातुर्वर्यं तथैव च |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said You have described what the duties are of the four modes of life and of the four orders. Tell me now, O grandfather, what are the principal duties of a kingdom.' |
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BORI CE: 12-067-002 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-067-002 भीष्म उवाच राष्ट्रस्यैतत् कृत्यतमं राज्ञ एवाभिषेचनम् |
M. N. Dutt: The (election and) coronation of a king is the first duty of kingdom. A kingdom in which anarchy reigns becomes weak and is soon attacked by robbers. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-003 अराजकेषु राष्ट्रेषु धर्मो न व्यवतिष्ठते |
MN DUTT: 07-067-003 अराजकेषु राष्ट्रेषु धर्मो न व्यवतिष्ठते |
M. N. Dutt: In kingdoms torn by anarchy, righteousness cannot live. The denizens devour one another. An anarchy is the worst of all conditions. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-004 इन्द्रमेनं प्रवृणुते यद्राजानमिति श्रुतिः |
MN DUTT: 07-067-004 इन्द्रमेव प्रवृणुते यद्राजानमिति श्रुतिः |
M. N. Dutt: The Shrutis say that in crowning a king, it is Indra that is crowned in the person of the king. A person, who seeks his own prosperity, should adore the king as he should adore Indra himself. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-005 नाराजकेषु राष्ट्रेषु वस्तव्यमिति वैदिकम् |
MN DUTT: 07-067-005 नाराजकेषु राष्ट्रेषु वस्तव्यमिति रोचये |
M. N. Dutt: No one should live in kingdoms torn by anarchy. Agni does not carry the libations that are poured upon him in kingdoms where anarchy reigns. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-006 अथ चेदभिवर्तेत राज्यार्थी बलवत्तरः BORI CE: 12-067-007 प्रत्युद्गम्याभिपूज्यः स्यादेतदत्र सुमन्त्रितम् |
MN DUTT: 07-067-006 अथ चेदाभिवर्तेत राज्यार्थी बलवत्तरः |
M. N. Dutt: If a powerful king approaches kingdoms weakened by anarchy, with a view to annex them to his dominions, the people should go forward and receive the invader with honour. Such conduct would be quite of a piece with wise counsels. There is no evil greater than anarchy. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-008 स चेत्समनुपश्येत समग्रं कुशलं भवेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-067-007 स चेत् समनुपश्येत समग्रं कुशलं भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: If the powerful invader be a little just, everything will be right. If however, he be exercised with may exterminate all. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-009 भूयांसं लभते क्लेशं या गौर्भवति दुर्दुहा |
MN DUTT: 07-067-008 भूयांसं लभते क्लेशं या गौर्भवति दुर्दुहा |
M. N. Dutt: That cow which cannot be easily milked suffer much pain. On the other hand, that cow which is easily milked, has not to suffer any pain whatever. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-010 यदतप्तं प्रणमति न तत्संतापयन्त्युत |
MN DUTT: 07-067-009 यदतप्तं प्रणमते नैतत् संतापमर्हति |
M. N. Dutt: The wood that bends easily need not be heated. The tree that bends easily, is not required to suffer any torture. anger he |
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BORI CE: 12-067-011 एतयोपमया धीरः संनमेत बलीयसे |
MN DUTT: 07-067-010 एतयोपमया वीर संनमेत बलीयसे |
M. N. Dutt: Guided by these examples, O hero, men should bend before those that are powerful. The man who bends his head to a powerful person really bends his head to Indra. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-012 तस्माद्राजैव कर्तव्यः सततं भूतिमिच्छता |
MN DUTT: 07-067-011 तस्माद् राजैव कर्तव्यः सततं भूतिमिच्छता |
M. N. Dutt: For these reasons, men, seeking prosperity, should (elect and) crown some person as their king. They who live in countries where anarchy reigns cannot enjoy there wealth and wives. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-013 प्रीयते हि हरन्पापः परवित्तमराजके |
MN DUTT: 07-067-012 प्रीयते हि हरन् पापः परवित्तमराजके |
M. N. Dutt: During times of anarchy, the sinful man enjoys by robbing the wealth of other people. When however, his ill acquired riches are taken away by others, he wishes for a king. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-014 पापा अपि तदा क्षेमं न लभन्ते कदाचन |
MN DUTT: 07-067-013 पापा ह्यपि तदा क्षेमं न लभन्ते कदाचन |
M. N. Dutt: It is clear therefore, that in times of anarchy the very wicked even cannot be happy. The wealth of one is taken away by two. That of those two is taken away by many acting in concert. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-015 अदासः क्रियते दासो ह्रियन्ते च बलात्स्त्रियः |
MN DUTT: 07-067-014 अदासः क्रियते दासो ह्रियन्ते च बलात् स्त्रियः |
M. N. Dutt: He who is not a slave is made a slave. Women, again, are forcibly carried away. For these reasons the gods created kings for protecting the people. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-016 राजा चेन्न भवेल्लोके पृथिव्यां दण्डधारकः |
MN DUTT: 07-067-015 राजा चेन्न भवेल्लोके पृथिव्यां दण्डधारकः |
M. N. Dutt: If there were no king on Earth for holding the rod of punishment, the strong would then have oppressed the weak after the manner of fishes in the water. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-017 अराजकाः प्रजाः पूर्वं विनेशुरिति नः श्रुतम् BORI CE: 12-067-018 ताः समेत्य ततश्चक्रुः समयानिति नः श्रुतम् |
MN DUTT: 07-067-016 अराजका: प्रजाः पूर्वं विनेशुरिति नः श्रुतम् |
M. N. Dutt: We have heard that men, in days of yore, in consequence of anarchy, were ruined, devouring one another like stronger fishes devouring the weaker ones in the water. We have heard that a few amongst them then, assembling together, made certain agreements saying,-He who becomes harsh in speech, or violent in temper, he who seduces other people's wives or robs other's wealth should be renounced by us. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-019 विश्वासनार्थं वर्णानां सर्वेषामविशेषतः |
MN DUTT: 07-067-017 विश्वासार्थं च सर्वेषां वर्णानामविशेषतः |
M. N. Dutt: For inspiring confidence among all classes of the people, they made such an agreement and lived for some time. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-020 सहितास्तास्तदा जग्मुरसुखार्ताः पितामहम् |
MN DUTT: 07-067-018 सहितास्तास्तदा जग्मुरसुखार्ताः पितामहम् |
M. N. Dutt: Assembling after some time they proceeded in great miseries to the Grandfather, saying, Without a king, O divine lord, we are meeting with ruin. Appoint some one as our king. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-021 यं पूजयेम संभूय यश्च नः परिपालयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-067-019 यं पूजयेम सम्भूय यश्च नः प्रतिपालयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: All of us shall adore him and he shall protect us. Thus prayed for the Grandfather asked Manu. Manu, however, did not agree to the proposal. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-022 मनुरुवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-067-020 मनुरुवाच बिभेमि कर्मणः पापाद् राज्यं हि भृशदुस्तरम् |
M. N. Dutt: Manu said 'I fear all sinful deeds. To govern a kingdom is highly difficult, especially among men who are always false and deceitful in their conduct.' |
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BORI CE: 12-067-023 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-067-021 भीष्म उवाच तमब्रुवन् प्रजा मा भैः कर्तृनेनो गमिष्यति |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said The denizens of the Earth then said to him.-Do not fear. The sins that men commit will affect those only that commit them. For the increase of your wealth, we will give you a fiftieth part of our animals and precious metals and a tenth part of our gain. When our maidens also will become desirous of marrying we shall, when the question of marriage comes up, give you the most beautiful ones among them. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-024 मुख्येन शस्त्रपत्रेण ये मनुष्याः प्रधानतः |
MN DUTT: 07-067-022 मुखेन शस्त्रपत्रेण ये मनुष्या: प्रधानतः |
M. N. Dutt: Those amongst men who will become the foremost of all in the use of weapons and in riding animals, and other conveyances, shall go behind you like the deities behind Indra. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-025 स त्वं जातबलो राजन्दुष्प्रधर्षः प्रतापवान् |
MN DUTT: 07-067-023 स त्वं जातबलो राजा दुष्प्रधर्षः प्रतापवान् |
M. N. Dutt: With your strength increased in this way, and becoming invincible and endued with great power, you will be our king and protect us happily like Kuvera protecting the Yakshas and the Rakshasas. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-026 यं च धर्मं चरिष्यन्ति प्रजा राज्ञा सुरक्षिताः |
MN DUTT: 07-067-024 यं च धर्मं चरिष्यन्ति प्रजा राज्ञा सुरक्षिताः |
M. N. Dutt: A fourth part of the merit which men will acquire under your protection will belong to you. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-027 तेन धर्मेण महता सुखलब्धेन भावितः |
MN DUTT: 07-067-025 तेन धर्मेण महता सुखं लब्धेन भावितः |
M. N. Dutt: Strengthened by that merit so easily acquired by you do you protect us, o king, like Indra of a hundred sacrifices protecting the gods. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-028 विजयायाशु निर्याहि प्रतपन्रश्मिमानिव |
MN DUTT: 07-067-026 विजयाय हि निर्याहि प्रतपन् रश्मिवानिव |
M. N. Dutt: Like the Sun burning down everything with his rays, do you set out acquiring victories. Crush the pride of enemies and let righteousness always be victorious (in the world). |
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BORI CE: 12-067-029 स निर्ययौ महातेजा बलेन महता वृतः |
MN DUTT: 07-067-027 स निर्ययौ महातेजा बलेन महता वृतः |
M. N. Dutt: Thus addressed by those denizens of the Earth, Manu, endued with great energy, proceeded, accompanied by a large army-Born of a great family he seemed then to shine with power. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-030 तस्य तां महिमां दृष्ट्वा महेन्द्रस्येव देवताः BORI CE: 12-067-031 ततो महीं परिययौ पर्जन्य इव वृष्टिमान् |
MN DUTT: 07-067-028 तस्य दृष्ट्वा महत्त्वं ते महेन्द्रस्येव देवताः |
M. N. Dutt: Seeing the power of Manu, like the gods seeing the might of Indra, the inhabitants of the Earth became stricken with fear and began to follow their respective duties. Manu then went round the world suppressing everywhere all acts of wickedness and compelling all men to follow their respective duties, like a cloud surcharged with rain. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-032 एवं ये भूतिमिच्छेयुः पृथिव्यां मानवाः क्वचित् |
MN DUTT: 07-067-029 एवं ये भूतिमिच्छेयुः पृथिव्यां मानवाः क्वचित् |
M. N. Dutt: 'Thus, O Yudhishthira, men on Earth seeking prosperity should first elect and crown a king for the protection of all. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-033 नमस्येयुश्च तं भक्त्या शिष्या इव गुरुं सदा |
MN DUTT: 07-067-030 नमस्येरंश्च तं भक्त्या शिष्या इव गुरुं सदा |
M. N. Dutt: Like disciples bowing themselves down before their preceptors or the gods before Indra, all men should humble themselves before the king. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-034 सत्कृतं स्वजनेनेह परोऽपि बहु मन्यते |
MN DUTT: 07-067-031 सत्कृतं स्वजनेनेह परोऽपि बहु मन्यते |
M. N. Dutt: One who is respected by his own people becomes an object of esteem with his enemies also, while one who is disregarded by his own is set at naught by enemies. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-035 राज्ञः परैः परिभवः सर्वेषामसुखावहः BORI CE: 12-067-036 भोजनान्यथ पानानि राज्ञे दद्युर्गृहाणि च |
MN DUTT: 07-067-032 राज्ञः परैः परिभवः सर्वेषामसुखावहः |
M. N. Dutt: If the king be disregarded by his enemies, all his subjects become unhappy. Therefore, umbrellas, vehicles, external ornaments, foods, drinks, palaces, seats, beds, and all utensils for use and show, should be dedicated to the king. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-037 गुप्तात्मा स्याद्दुराधर्षः स्मितपूर्वाभिभाषिता |
MN DUTT: 07-067-033 गोप्ता तस्माद् दुराधर्षः स्मितपूर्वाभिभाषिता |
M. N. Dutt: By such means, the king will better discharge his duties of protection and become irresistible. He should always smilingly be spoken to by others and he should speak to others sweetly. |
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BORI CE: 12-067-038 कृतज्ञो दृढभक्तिः स्यात्संविभागी जितेन्द्रियः |
MN DUTT: 07-067-034 कृतज्ञो दृढभक्तिः स्यात् संविभागी जितेन्द्रियः |
M. N. Dutt: Grateful, firmly devoted, and with subdued passions, he should give to others their due. Eyed by others, he should look at them mildly, sweetly, and beautifully. |
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