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Book 12 – Chapter 068
BORI CE: 12-068-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-068-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच किमाहुर्दैवतं विप्रा राजानं भरतर्षभ |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said 'Why, O foremost of Bharata's race, have the Brahmanas declared that the king, that ruler of men, is a god. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-002 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-068-002 भीष्म उवाच अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said Regarding it is cited the old story, O Bharata, of the discourse of Brihaspati and Vasumanas.. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-003 राजा वसुमना नाम कौसल्यो धीमतां वरः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-003 राजा वसुमना नाम कौसल्यो धीमतां वरः |
M. N. Dutt: There was a highly intelligent king of Koshala, named Vasumanas. On a certain occasion he questioned the great wise sage Brihaspati. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-004 सर्वं वैनयिकं कृत्वा विनयज्ञो बृहस्पतेः BORI CE: 12-068-005 विधिं पप्रच्छ राज्यस्य सर्वभूतहिते रतः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-004 सर्वं वैनयिकं कृत्वा विनयज्ञो बृहस्पतिम् |
M. N. Dutt: Always humble, king Vasumanas ever devoted to well-being of all, having observed the proper humilities, and having gone round the great sage and bowed to him duly enquired of the virtuous Brihaspati about the institutes of a kingdom, actuated by the desire of securing the happiness of men. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-006 केन भूतानि वर्धन्ते क्षयं गच्छन्ति केन च BORI CE: 12-068-007 इति पृष्टो महाराज्ञा कौसल्येनामितौजसा |
MN DUTT: 07-068-005 वसुमना उवाच केन भूतानि वर्धन्ते क्षयं गच्छन्ति केन वा |
M. N. Dutt: Vasumanas said By what means do creatures grow and by what are they destroyed? (you of great wisdom, by worshipping whom do they succeed in acquiring eternal happiness. Thus questioned by the highly powerful Koshala king Brihaspati of great wisdom described to him coolly about the regard which should be paid to kings. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-008 राजमूलो महाराज धर्मो लोकस्य लक्ष्यते |
MN DUTT: 07-068-006 बृहस्पतिरुवाच राजमूलो महाप्राज्ञ धर्मो लोकस्य लक्ष्यते |
M. N. Dutt: Brihaspati said The duties of all men, you of great wisdom, originate from the king. It is through fear of the king only that men do not devour one another. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-009 राजा ह्येवाखिलं लोकं समुदीर्णं समुत्सुकम् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-007 राजा ह्येवाखिलं लोकं समुदीर्णं समुत्सुकम् |
M. N. Dutt: It is the king who establishes peace on Earth through due observances of duties by checking all disregard for healthy restraints and all kinds of lust. Acquiring this he shines in glory. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-010 यथा ह्यनुदये राजन्भूतानि शशिसूर्ययोः BORI CE: 12-068-011 यथा ह्यनुदके मत्स्या निराक्रन्दे विहंगमाः BORI CE: 12-068-012 विमथ्यातिक्रमेरंश्च विषह्यापि परस्परम् BORI CE: 12-068-013 एवमेव विना राज्ञा विनश्येयुरिमाः प्रजाः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-008 यथा ह्यनुदये राजन् भूतानि शशिसूर्ययोः |
M. N. Dutt: As, o king, all creatures cannot see one another and sink in utter darkness if the sun and the moon do not rise, as fishes in shallow water and birds in a safe place dart and move about as they please (for a time) and repeatedly attack and grind one another with force and then are destroyed so men sink in utter darkness and meet with destruction if they have no king to protect them like a herd of cattle without the herdsman to take care of them. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-014 हरेयुर्बलवन्तो हि दुर्बलानां परिग्रहान् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-009 हरेयुर्बलवन्तोऽपि दुर्बलानां परिग्रहान् हन्युक्यच्छमानांश्च यदि राजा न पालयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: If the king did not observe the duty of protection, the strong would by would by force misappropriate the properties of the weak, and if the latter refuse to surrender to them easily their very lives would be taken, |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-068-010 ममेदमिति लोकेऽस्मिन् न भवेत् सम्परिग्रहः |
M. N. Dutt: Nobody then, about any of his belongings would be able to say — This is mine.-Wives, sons, food, and other kinds of property, would cease to exist. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-068-011 विष्वग्लोपः प्रवर्तेत यदि राजा न पालयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: Ruin would befall everything if the king did not observe the duty of protection. Wicked men would by force appropriate the cars, dresses, ornaments, precious stones and other kinds of property belonging to others, if the king did not protect. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-015 यानं वस्त्रमलंकारान्रत्नानि विविधानि च |
MN DUTT: 07-068-011 विष्वग्लोपः प्रवर्तेत यदि राजा न पालयेत् MN DUTT: 07-068-012 हरेयुः सहसा पापा यदि राजा न पालयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: Ruin would befall everything if the king did not observe the duty of protection. Wicked men would by force appropriate the cars, dresses, ornaments, precious stones and other kinds of property belonging to others, if the king did not protect. In the absence of protection by the king, various kinds of weapons would fall upon righteous persons and unrighteousness would prevail everywhere. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-016 ममेदमिति लोकेऽस्मिन्न भवेत्संपरिग्रहः |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-068-013 अधर्मः प्रगृहीतः स्याद् यदि राजा न पालयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: In the absence of king's protection men would disobey or even injure their very parents if aged, their very preceptors, guests and elders. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-017 मातरं पितरं वृद्धमाचार्यमतिथिं गुरुम् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-013 अधर्मः प्रगृहीतः स्याद् यदि राजा न पालयेत् MN DUTT: 07-068-014 क्लि श्नीयुरपि हिंस्युर्वा यदि राजा न पालयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: In the absence of king's protection men would disobey or even injure their very parents if aged, their very preceptors, guests and elders. If the king did not protect, all persons possessing wealth would have to meet with death, imprisonment and persecution and the very idea of property would be lost. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-018 पतेद्बहुविधं शस्त्रं बहुधा धर्मचारिषु |
MN DUTT: 07-068-012 हरेयुः सहसा पापा यदि राजा न पालयेत् MN DUTT: 07-068-013 अधर्मः प्रगृहीतः स्याद् यदि राजा न पालयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: In the absence of protection by the king, various kinds of weapons would fall upon righteous persons and unrighteousness would prevail everywhere. In the absence of king's protection men would disobey or even injure their very parents if aged, their very preceptors, guests and elders. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-068-014 क्लि श्नीयुरपि हिंस्युर्वा यदि राजा न पालयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: If the king did not protect, all persons possessing wealth would have to meet with death, imprisonment and persecution and the very idea of property would be lost. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-019 वधबन्धपरिक्लेशो नित्यमर्थवतां भवेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-014 क्लि श्नीयुरपि हिंस्युर्वा यदि राजा न पालयेत् MN DUTT: 07-068-015 ममत्वं च न विन्देयुर्यदि राजा न पालयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: If the king did not protect, all persons possessing wealth would have to meet with death, imprisonment and persecution and the very idea of property would be lost. If the king did not protect, everything would be destroyed untimely and every part of the country would be laid waste by robbers, and everybody would fall into dreadful hell. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-020 अन्तश्चाकाशमेव स्याल्लोकोऽयं दस्युसाद्भवेत् |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-021 न योनिपोषो वर्तेत न कृषिर्न वणिक्पथः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-016 पतेयुर्नरकं घोरं यदि राजा न पालयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: If the king did not protect, all restrictions about marriage and intercourse would disappear; all matters of agriculture and trade would fall into confusion; morality and the three Vedas would disappear. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-022 न यज्ञाः संप्रवर्तेरन्विधिवत्स्वाप्तदक्षिणाः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-017 न यज्ञाः सम्प्रवर्तेयुर्विधिवत् स्वाप्तदक्षिणाः |
M. N. Dutt: Sacrifices, duly finished with presents according to the ordinance, would no longer be celebrated and no marriage would take place; society itself would cease to exist, if the king did not observe the duty of protection. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-023 न वृषाः संप्रवर्तेरन्न मथ्येरंश्च गर्गराः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-018 न वृषा: सम्प्रवर्तेरन् न मध्येरंश्च गर्गराः |
M. N. Dutt: The bulls would not know cows and milk jars would not be churned, and men living by rearing kine would be ruined, if the king did not exercise the duty of protection. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-024 त्रस्तमुद्विग्नहृदयं हाहाभूतमचेतनम् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-019 त्रस्तमुद्विग्नहृदयं हाहाभूतमचेतनम् |
M. N. Dutt: In the absence of king's protection, all things, filled with fear and anxiety and becoming senseless and uttering cries of misery would be ruined in no time. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-025 न संवत्सरसत्राणि तिष्ठेयुरकुतोभयाः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-020 न संवत्सरसत्राणि तिष्ठेयुरकुतोभयाः |
M. N. Dutt: No sacrifices extending for a year and finished with presents according to the ordinance would take place if the king did not observe the duty of protection. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-026 ब्राह्मणाश्चतुरो वेदान्नाधीयेरंस्तपस्विनः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-021 ब्राह्मणाश्चतुरो वेदान् नाधीयोरंस्तपस्विनः |
M. N. Dutt: In the absence of king's protection Brahmanas would never study the four Vedas or practise austerities or be purified by knowledge and rigid vows. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-068-022 न लभेद् धर्मसंश्लेषं हतविप्रहतो जनः |
M. N. Dutt: In the absence of king's protection the destroyer of a person guilty of Brahmanicide would not get any reward; rather the person. Guilty of Brahmanicide, would would not be punished. an |
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BORI CE: 12-068-027 हस्तो हस्तं स मुष्णीयाद्भिद्येरन्सर्वसेतवः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-023 हस्ताद्धस्तं परिमुषेद् भिद्येरन् सर्वसेतवः |
M. N. Dutt: In the absence of king's protection, men would take away other people's wealth from their very hands, and all healthy restrictions would be abolished, and everybody, stricken with, fear would seek safety in flight. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-028 न लभेद्धर्मसंश्लेषं हतविप्रहतो जनः |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-029 अनयाः संप्रवर्तेरन्भवेद्वै वर्णसंकरः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-024 अनयाः सम्प्रवर्तेरन् भवेद् वै वर्णसंकरः |
M. N. Dutt: In the absence of king's protection, all kinds of injustice would commence; intermixture of castes would occur; and famine would devastate the kingdom. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-030 विवृत्य हि यथाकामं गृहद्वाराणि शेरते |
MN DUTT: 07-068-025 विवृत्य हि यथाकामं गृहद्वाराणि शेरते |
M. N. Dutt: Again by virtue of royal protection, men can everywhere sleep fearlessly at their ease without shutting their houses and doors with bolts and bars. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-031 नाक्रुष्टं सहते कश्चित्कुतो हस्तस्य लङ्घनम् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-026 नाक्रुष्टं सहते कश्चित् कुतो वा हस्तलाघवम् |
M. N. Dutt: Nobody would stand the evil words of others far less assaults, if the king did not righteously protect the Earth. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-032 स्त्रियश्चापुरुषा मार्गं सर्वालंकारभूषिताः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-027 स्त्रियश्चपुरुषा मार्ग सर्वालङ्कारभूषिताः |
M. N. Dutt: If the king observes the duty of protection, women adorned with ornaments may fearlessly walk about everywhere without male relatives to guard them. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-033 धर्ममेव प्रपद्यन्ते न हिंसन्ति परस्परम् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-028 धर्ममेव प्रपद्यन्ते न हिंसन्ति परस्परम् |
M. N. Dutt: Men become righteous and without injuring serve one another because the king observes the duty of protection. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-034 यजन्ते च त्रयो वर्णा महायज्ञैः पृथग्विधैः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-029 यजन्ते च महायज्ञैस्त्रयो वर्णाः पृथग्विधैः |
M. N. Dutt: By virtue of royal protection the members of the three castes can celebrate high sacrifices and engage themselves in the acquisition of learning with attention. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-035 वार्तामूलो ह्ययं लोकस्त्रय्या वै धार्यते सदा |
MN DUTT: 07-068-030 वार्तामूलो ह्ययं लोकस्त्रय्या वै धार्य ते सदा |
M. N. Dutt: The world depends upon agriculture and trade and is protected by the Vedas. All these again are duly protected by the king exercising his principal duty. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-036 यदा राजा धुरं श्रेष्ठामादाय वहति प्रजाः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-031 यदा राजा धुरं श्रेष्ठामादाय वहति प्रजाः |
M. N. Dutt: Since the king, taking a heavy burden upon himself, protects his subjects with the help of a mighty force, it is therefore that the people are able to live in happiness. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-037 यस्याभावे च भूतानामभावः स्यात्समन्ततः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-032 यस्याभावेन भूतानामभावः स्यात् समन्ततः |
M. N. Dutt: Who is there who will not worship him on whose existence depends the existence of the people and by whose destruction the people are destroyed? |
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BORI CE: 12-068-038 तस्य यो वहते भारं सर्वलोकसुखावहम् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-033 तस्य यो वहते भारं सर्वलोकभयावहम् |
M. N. Dutt: That person who does what is agreeable and beneficial to the king and who participates in the burden of kingly duties which fill every caste with fear, conquers both this and the other world. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-039 यस्तस्य पुरुषः पापं मनसाप्यनुचिन्तयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-034 यस्तस्य पुरुषः पापं मनसाप्यनुचिन्तयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: That man who even thinks of injuring the king, forsooth meets with grief here and goes to hell hereafter. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-040 न हि जात्ववमन्तव्यो मनुष्य इति भूमिपः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-035 न हि जात्ववमन्तव्यो मनुष्य इति भूमिपः |
M. N. Dutt: No one should obey the king by taking him for a man, for he is in sooth a great god in human form. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-041 कुरुते पञ्च रूपाणि कालयुक्तानि यः सदा |
MN DUTT: 07-068-036 कुरुते पञ्चरूपाणि कालयुक्तानि यः सदा |
M. N. Dutt: The king puts on five different forms according to five different occasions. He energy the becomes Agni, Aditya, Mrityu, Vaishravana, and Yama. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-042 यदा ह्यासीदतः पापान्दहत्युग्रेण तेजसा |
MN DUTT: 07-068-037 यदा ह्यासीदत: पापान् दहत्युग्रेण तेजसा |
M. N. Dutt: When the king, imposed on by falsehood, consumes with his dreadful offenders before him, he is said to put on the form of Agni. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-043 यदा पश्यति चारेण सर्वभूतानि भूमिपः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-038 यदा पश्यति चारेण सर्वभूतानि भूमिपः |
M. N. Dutt: When he marks through his spies the acts of all persons and does what is for the general behoof, he is said to put on the form of Aditya. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-044 अशुचींश्च यदा क्रुद्धः क्षिणोति शतशो नरान् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-039 अशुचीश्च यदा क्रुद्धः क्षिणोति शतशो नरान् |
M. N. Dutt: When he kills in anger hundreds of wicked men with their sons, grandsons, and relatives, he is then said to put on the form of the Destroyer. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-045 यदा त्वधार्मिकान्सर्वांस्तीक्ष्णैर्दण्डैर्नियच्छति |
MN DUTT: 07-068-040 यदा त्वधार्मिकान् सर्वांस्तीक्ष्णैर्दण्डैनियच्छति |
M. N. Dutt: When he suppresses the the wicked by punishing them severely and favours the righteous by giving them rewards, he is then said to put on the form of Yama. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-046 यदा तु धनधाराभिस्तर्पयत्युपकारिणः BORI CE: 12-068-047 श्रियं ददाति कस्मैचित्कस्माच्चिदपकर्षति |
MN DUTT: 07-068-041 यदा तु धनधाराभिस्तर्पयत्युपकारिणः |
M. N. Dutt: When he pleases with profuse gifts of riches those who have done him valuable services, and takes away the riches and precious stones of those who have offended him, indeed, when he confers wealth upon some and takes it away from others, he is then, O king, said to put on the form of Kubera on Earth. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-048 नास्यापवादे स्थातव्यं दक्षेणाक्लिष्टकर्मणा BORI CE: 12-068-049 न हि राज्ञः प्रतीपानि कुर्वन्सुखमवाप्नुयात् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-042 नास्यापवादे स्थातव्यं दक्षेणाक्लिश्कर्मणा |
M. N. Dutt: No person which is clever, who is capable of work, who wishes to acquire virtue, and who is shorn of malice, should ever spread evil reports about the king. No person, by acting against the king, can ever make himself happy, even if he be the king's son or brother or companion or one whom the king considers as his second self. Fire, increased by the wind, blazing forth, may leave a residue. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-050 कुर्यात्कृष्णगतिः शेषं ज्वलितोऽनिलसारथिः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-043 कुर्यात् कृष्णगतिः : शेषं ज्वलितोऽनिलसारथिः |
M. N. Dutt: The anger of the king, however, leaves not anything to the person who happens to incur it. Everything that belongs to the king should be avoided from a distance. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-051 तस्य सर्वाणि रक्ष्याणि दूरतः परिवर्जयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-044 तस्य सर्वाणि रक्ष्याणि दूरतः परिवर्जयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: One should turn away from the king's property as he would from death itself. A person, by taking what belongs to the king, soon meets with destruction like a deer upon touching poison. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-052 नश्येदभिमृशन्सद्यो मृगः कूटमिव स्पृशन् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-045 नश्येदभिमृशन् सद्यो मृगः कूटमिव स्पृशन् |
M. N. Dutt: An intelligent man should protect as his own what belongs to the king. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-053 महान्तं नरकं घोरमप्रतिष्ठमचेतसः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-046 महान्तं नरकं घोरमप्रतिष्ठमचेतनम् |
M. N. Dutt: Those, who take wealth belonging to the king, sink senseless into a deep hell of eternal darkness and infamy. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-054 राजा भोजो विराट्सम्राट्क्षत्रियो भूपतिर्नृपः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-047 राजा भोजो विराट् सम्राट क्षत्रियो भूपतिर्नृपः |
M. N. Dutt: Who is there who will not adore the king who is described by terms,–'delighter of the people,' 'bestower of happiness, possessor of prosperity, the best of all, healer of injuries, master of Earth,' and protector of men? |
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BORI CE: 12-068-055 तस्माद्बुभूषुर्नियतो जितात्मा संयतेन्द्रियः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-048 तस्माद् बुभूषुर्नियतो जितात्मा नियतेन्द्रियः |
M. N. Dutt: That man, therefore, who seeks his own prosperity, who satisfies all healthy restraints, who has his soul under control, who has subdued his passions, who is gifted with intelligence and memory, and who is a clever (business man), should always be attached to the king. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-056 कृतज्ञं प्राज्ञमक्षुद्रं दृढभक्तिं जितेन्द्रियम् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-049 कृतज्ञं प्राज्ञमक्षुद्रं दृढभक्तिं जितेन्द्रियम् |
M. N. Dutt: The king should duly honour the minister who is grateful, wise, large-hearted loyal, a master of his senses, virtuous, and observant of the dictates of policy. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-057 दृढभक्तिं कृतप्रज्ञं धर्मज्ञं संयतेन्द्रियम् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-050 दृढभक्तिं कृतप्रज्ञं धर्मज्ञं संयतेन्द्रियम् |
M. N. Dutt: The king should entertain the man who is loyal, grateful, virtuous, self-controlled, brave, noble, and competent to complete works without the help of others. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-058 राजा प्रगल्भं पुरुषं करोति; राजा कृशं बृंहयते मनुष्यम् |
MN DUTT: 07-068-051 राजा प्रगल्भं कुरुते मनुष्यं राजा कृशं वै कुरुते मनुष्यम् |
M. N. Dutt: Knowledge makes men proud. The king makes men humble. The man who is assailed by the king can never enjoy happiness. On the other hand, the man who gets royal favours becomes happy. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-059 राजा प्रजानां हृदयं गरीयो; गतिः प्रतिष्ठा सुखमुत्तमं च |
MN DUTT: 07-068-052 राजा प्रजानां हृदयं गरीये गतिः प्रतिष्ठा सुखमुत्तमं च |
M. N. Dutt: The king is the heart of his people; he is their great refuge; he is their glory; and he is their greatest happiness. Those men, O king, who are attached to the king, can conquer both this and the next world. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-060 नराधिपश्चाप्यनुशिष्य मेदिनीं; दमेन सत्येन च सौहृदेन |
MN DUTT: 07-068-053 नराधिपश्चाप्यनुशिष्य मेदिनी दमेन सत्येन च सौहृदेन |
M. N. Dutt: Having governed the Earth with the help of the qualities of self-control, truth, and friendship, and having worshipped the deities by great sacrifices, the king, acquiring great glory, acquires an eternal abode in heaven. |
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BORI CE: 12-068-061 स एवमुक्तो गुरुणा कौसल्यो राजसत्तमः |
MN DUTT: 07-068-054 स एवमुक्तोऽङ्गिरसा कौसल्यो राजसत्तमः |
M. N. Dutt: That best of kings viz., the heroic Vasumanas, king of Koshala, thus instructed by Brihaspati the son of Angiras, began thenceforth to protect his subjects.' |
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