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Book 12 – Chapter 079
BORI CE: 12-079-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-078-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच व्याख्याता राजधर्मेण वृत्तिरापत्सु भारत |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said "It is said that in seasons of distress a Brahmana may support himself by following Kshatriya duties. But can be, however, at any time, maintain himself by following the duties of the Vaishyas?” |
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BORI CE: 12-079-002 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-078-002 भीष्म उवाच अशक्तः क्षत्रधर्मेण वैश्यधर्मेण वर्तयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: "When a Brahmana loses his means of livelihood and is visited by distress, he may certainly act like a Vaishya and derive his support by agriculture and tending cattle, if, of course, he is not capable to perform Kshatriya duties.' |
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BORI CE: 12-079-003 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-078-003 युधिष्ठिर उवाच कानि पण्यानि विक्रीय स्वर्गलोकान्न हीयते |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said "If a Brahmana, O foremost of Bharata's race, follows the duties of a Vaishya, what articles may he sell without losing his chance of attaining heaven?" |
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BORI CE: 12-079-004 भीष्म उवाच BORI CE: 12-079-005 सर्वास्ववस्थास्वेतानि ब्राह्मणः परिवर्जयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-078-004 भीष्म उवाच सुरा लवणमित्येव तिलान् केसरिणः पशून् |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said 'A Brahmana must not sell wines, salt, sesamum seeds, animals having manes, bulls, honey, meat and cooked food, O Yudhishthira, under any circumstances. A Brahmana, by selling these, would go to hell. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-006 अजोऽग्निर्वरुणो मेषः सूर्योऽश्वः पृथिवी विराट् |
MN DUTT: 07-078-005 अजोऽग्निर्वरुणो मेषः सूर्योऽश्वः पृथिवी विराट् |
M. N. Dutt: A Brahmana, by selling a goat, commits the sin of selling the god of fire; by selling a sheep, the sin of selling the god of water; by selling a horse, the sin of selling the sun-god; by selling cooked food, the sin of selling land; and by selling a cow, the sin of selling Sacrifices and the Soma juice. A Brahmana, therefore, must not sell these. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-007 पक्वेनामस्य निमयं न प्रशंसन्ति साधवः |
MN DUTT: 07-078-006 पक्वेनामस्य निमयं न प्रशंसन्ति साधवः |
M. N. Dutt: The good do not speak highly of the purchase of uncooked food by giving cooked food in return. Uncooked food, however, may be given for procuring cooked food, O Bharata! |
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BORI CE: 12-079-008 वयं सिद्धमशिष्यामो भवान्साधयतामिदम् |
MN DUTT: 07-078-007 वयं सिद्धमशिष्यामो भवान् साधयतामिदम् |
M. N. Dutt: We will eat this cooked food of you. You may cook these raw things (that we give in return). In such an agreement there is no sin. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-009 अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि यथा धर्मः पुरातनः |
MN DUTT: 07-078-008 अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि यथा धर्मः सनातनः |
M. N. Dutt: Listen, O Yudhishthira, I shall describe to you the eternal practice, obtaining from days of yore, of persons conducting themselves according to approved usages. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-010 भवतेऽहं ददानीदं भवानेतत्प्रयच्छतु |
MN DUTT: 07-078-009 भवतेऽहं ददानीदं भवानेतत् प्रयच्छतु |
M. N. Dutt: I give you this. Give me this other thing in exchange. Such an exchange is righteous. To take things by force, is sinful. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-011 इत्येवं संप्रवर्तन्त व्यवहाराः पुरातनाः |
MN DUTT: 07-078-010 इत्येवं सम्प्रवर्तन्ते व्यवहाराः पुरातनाः |
M. N. Dutt: Such is the old practice followed by the Rishis and others. Forsooth, this is righteous.' Yudhishthira said |
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BORI CE: 12-079-012 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-078-011 युधिष्ठिर उवाच अथ तात यदा सर्वाः शस्त्रमाददते प्रजाः |
M. N. Dutt: “When, O sire, giving up their respective duties, all the castes take up arms against the king, then, of course, the power of the king suffers decrease. How would the king then become the protector and refuge of the people? Remove this doubt of mine, O king, by speaking to me fully." Bhishma said |
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BORI CE: 12-079-013 राजा त्राता न लोके स्यात्किं तदा स्यात्परायणम् |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-014 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-078-012 भीष्म उवाच दानेन तपसा यज्ञैरद्रोहेण दमेन च |
M. N. Dutt: “By gifts, by penances, by sacrifices, by peacefulness, and by self-control, all the castes led by the Brahmanas should, on such occasions, seek their own behoof. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-015 तेषां ये वेदबलिनस्त उत्थाय समन्ततः |
MN DUTT: 07-078-013 तेषां ये वेदबलिनस्तेऽभ्युत्थाय समन्ततः |
M. N. Dutt: Those amongst them who are gifted with Vedic strength, should rise up on all sides and like the celestial empowering Indra contribute (by Vedic rites) to increase the strength of the king. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-016 राज्ञो हि क्षीयमाणस्य ब्रह्मैवाहुः परायणम् |
MN DUTT: 07-078-014 राज्ञोऽपि क्षीयमाणस्य ब्रह्मैवाहुः परायणम् |
M. N. Dutt: Brahmanas are said to be the refuge of the king while his power is gone. A wise king seeks the increase of his power by means of the power of the Brahmanas. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-017 यदा तु विजयी राजा क्षेमं राष्ट्रेऽभिसंदधेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-078-015 यदा भुवि जयो राजा क्षेमं राष्ट्रेऽभिसंदधेत् |
M. N. Dutt: When the king, after acquiring victory, tries to re-establish peace, all the castes then follow their respective duties. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-018 उन्मर्यादे प्रवृत्ते तु दस्युभिः संकरे कृते |
MN DUTT: 07-078-016 उन्मर्यादे प्रवृत्ते तु दस्युभिः संकरे कृते |
M. N. Dutt: When robbers overcoming all restraints, lay waste the country, all the orders may take up arms. By doing so, they commit no sin, O Yudhishthira!' |
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BORI CE: 12-079-019 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-078-017 युधिष्ठिर उवाच अथ चेत् सर्वतः क्षत्रं प्रदुष्येद् ब्राह्मणं प्रति |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said “If all the Kshatriyas stand against the Brahmanas, who then will protect the Brahmanas and their Vedas? What then should be the duty of the Brahmanas and who will be their shelter?" |
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BORI CE: 12-079-020 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-078-018 भीष्म उवाच तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण शस्त्रेण च बलेन च |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said By penances, by Brahmacharya, by weapons, and by (physical) power, applied with or without the help of deceit, the Kshatriyas should be vanquished. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-021 क्षत्रस्याभिप्रवृद्धस्य ब्राह्मणेषु विशेषतः |
MN DUTT: 07-078-019 क्षत्रियस्यातिवृत्तस्य ब्राह्मणेषु विशेषतः |
M. N. Dutt: If the Kshatriya misbehaves himself, especially towards Brahmanas, the Vedas themselves will put them down. The Kshatriyas have originated from the Brahmanas. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-022 अद्भ्योऽग्निर्ब्रह्मतः क्षत्रमश्मनो लोहमुत्थितम् |
MN DUTT: 07-078-020 अद्भ्योऽग्निर्ब्रह्मतः क्षत्रमश्मनो लोहमुत्थितम् |
M. N. Dutt: Fire has originated water; the Kshatriya, from the Brahmana; and iron, from stone. The power of fire, the Kshatriya, and iron, are irresistible. But when these conflict with their sources, their force becomes neutralised. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-023 यदा छिनत्त्ययोऽश्मानमग्निश्चापोऽभिपद्यते |
MN DUTT: 07-078-021 यदा छिनत्त्ययोऽश्मानग्निश्चापोऽभिगच्छति |
M. N. Dutt: When iron strikes against stone, or fire fights with water, or the Kshatriya stands against the Brahmana, then the strength of each of those three is destroyed. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-024 तस्माद्ब्रह्मणि शाम्यन्ति क्षत्रियाणां युधिष्ठिर BORI CE: 12-079-025 ब्रह्मवीर्ये मृदूभूते क्षत्रवीर्ये च दुर्बले BORI CE: 12-079-026 ये तत्र युद्धं कुर्वन्ति त्यक्त्वा जीवितमात्मनः BORI CE: 12-079-027 मनस्विनो मन्युमन्तः पुण्यलोका भवन्ति ते |
MN DUTT: 07-078-022 तस्माद् ब्रह्मणि शाम्यन्ति क्षत्रियाणां युधिष्ठिर |
M. N. Dutt: Thus, O Yudhishthira, the energy and might of Kshatriya, however great and irresistible be, are destroyed as soon as they are directed against the Brahmanas. When the power of the Brahmanas becomes mild, when that of the Kshatriyas is weakened, when all men ill-treat the Brahmanas, those strong-minded persons, who moved by righteous indignation, then fight, casting off all fear of death, for protecting the Brahmanas. morality, and their own selves,-succeed in winning high regions of bliss hereafter. All persons should fight for the sake of Brahmanas. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-028 अति स्विष्टस्वधीतानां लोकानति तपस्विनाम् |
MN DUTT: 07-078-023 अतिस्विष्टमधीतानां लोकानतितपस्विनाम् |
M. N. Dutt: Those brave, persons who fight for Brahmanas, acquire those happy regions in heaven which are reserved for persons who have always studied the Vedas with attention, who have practised the austerest of penances, and that have, after fasting, cast off their bodies into burning fires. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-078-024 ब्राह्मणस्त्रिषु वर्णेषु शस्त्रं गृह्णन दुष्यति |
M. N. Dutt: The Brahmana, by fighting for the three other castes, does not commit sin. People say that there is no higher duty then renouncing life under such circumstances. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-029 तेभ्यो नमश्च भद्रं च ये शरीराणि जुह्वति |
MN DUTT: 07-078-025 तेभ्यो नमश्च भद्रं च ये शरीराणि जुह्वते |
M. N. Dutt: I bow to them and blessed be they who thus renounce their lives while trying to punish the enemies of Brahmanas. Let us attain to that region which is reserved for them. Manu himself has said that those heroes go to the region of Brahman. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-030 यथाश्वमेधावभृथे स्नाताः पूता भवन्त्युत |
MN DUTT: 07-078-026 यथाश्वमेधावभृथे स्नाताः पूता भवन्त्युत |
M. N. Dutt: As persons become freed off of all their sins by taking the final bath in a horse-sacrifice, so those who die by weapons while fighting wicked people are freed off of all their sins. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-031 भवत्यधर्मो धर्मो हि धर्माधर्मावुभावपि |
MN DUTT: 07-078-027 भवत्यधर्मो धर्मो हि धर्माधर्मावुभावपि |
M. N. Dutt: Righteousness becomes unrighteousness, and unrighteousness becomes righteousness, according to place and time, Such is the power of place and time. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-032 मैत्राः क्रूराणि कुर्वन्तो जयन्ति स्वर्गमुत्तमम् |
MN DUTT: 07-078-028 मैत्राः क्रूराणि कुर्वन्तो जयन्ति स्वर्गमुत्तमम् |
M. N. Dutt: The friends of humanity, by performing even acts of cruelty, have attained to exalted heaven. Pious Kshatriyas, by doing even sinful acts, to blessed ends. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-033 ब्राह्मणस्त्रिषु कालेषु शस्त्रं गृह्णन्न दुष्यति |
MN DUTT: 07-078-029 ब्राह्मणस्त्रिषु कालेषु शस्त्रं गृह्णन्न दुष्यति |
M. N. Dutt: The Brahmana, by fighting on these three occasions, does not commit sin, viz., for protecting himself, for compelling the other castes to follow their duties, and for punishing robbers, |
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BORI CE: 12-079-034 युधिष्ठिर उवाच BORI CE: 12-079-035 ब्राह्मणो यदि वा वैश्यः शूद्रो वा राजसत्तम BORI CE: 12-079-036 कार्यं कुर्यान्न वा कुर्यात्संवार्यो वा भवेन्न वा |
MN DUTT: 07-078-030 युधिष्ठिर उवाच अभ्युस्थिते दस्युबले क्षत्रार्थे वर्णसंकरे |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said If when robbers become powerful and an intermixture of the orders beings to take place on account of anarchy, and Kshatriyas become incapable, some powerful person except a Kshatriya seeks to put down those robbers for protecting the people, indeed, O best of kings, if that powerful person happens to be a Brahmana or a Vaishya or a Shudra, and if he succeeds in protecting the people by fairly holding the rod of punishment, is he justified in doing what he does, or is he restrained by the ordinances from accomplishing that duty? It seems that others, when the Kshatriyas are so incompetent, should take up arms. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-037 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-078-031 भीष्म उवाच अपारे यो भवेत् पारमप्लवे यः प्लवो भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said Be he a Shudra or be he the member of any other caste, he that becomes a raft on a raftless current, or a means of crossing where no means exist, forsooth, deserves every respect. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-038 यमाश्रित्य नरा राजन्वर्तयेयुर्यथासुखम् BORI CE: 12-079-039 तमेव पूजयेरंस्ते प्रीत्या स्वमिव बान्धवम् |
MN DUTT: 07-078-032 यमाश्रित्य नरा राजन् वर्तयेयुर्थथासुखम् |
M. N. Dutt: That person, O king, depending upon whom helpless men, oppressed and made miserable by robbers, live happily, deserves to be adored by all as if he were a near relative. The person, O you of Kuru's race, that removes the fears of others, is worthy of every respect. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-040 किमुक्ष्णावहता कृत्यं किं धेन्वा चाप्यदुग्धया |
MN DUTT: 07-078-033 किं तैर्येऽनडुहो नोह्याः किं धेन्वा वाप्यदुग्धया |
M. N. Dutt: What use is there of bulls, that would not carry burdens, or of kine that would not give milk, or of a wife who is barren? Likewise, what need is there for a king who is not capable to grant protection? |
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BORI CE: 12-079-041 यथा दारुमयो हस्ती यथा चर्ममयो मृगः BORI CE: 12-079-042 एवं ब्रह्मानधीयानं राजा यश्च न रक्षिता |
MN DUTT: 07-078-034 यथा दारुमयो हस्ती यथा चर्ममयो मृगः |
M. N. Dutt: As an elephant made of wood, or a deer made of leather, as a person without riches, or one that is a eunuch, or a field which is barren, even so is a Brahmana who is void of Vedic learning and a king incapable of giving protection. Both of them are like a cloud that does not pour rain. |
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BORI CE: 12-079-043 नित्यं यस्तु सतो रक्षेदसतश्च निबर्हयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-078-035 नित्यं यस्तु सतो रक्षेदसतश्च निवर्तयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: That person who always protects the good and checks the wicked, deserves to become a king and to govern the world.' |
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