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Book 12 – Chapter 104
BORI CE: 12-104-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-103-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच कथं मृदौ कथं तीक्ष्णे महापक्षे च पार्थिव |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said Tell me, O grandfather, how should a king treat a mild foe, one who is fierce, and one who has many allies and a large army. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-002 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-103-002 भीष्म उवाच अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् |
M. N. Dutt: 'Regarding it is cited, O Yudhishthira the old discourse between Brihaspati and Indra. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-003 बृहस्पतिं देवपतिरभिवाद्य कृताञ्जलिः |
MN DUTT: 07-103-003 बृहस्पति देवपतिरभिवाद्य कृताञ्जलिः |
M. N. Dutt: Once on a time, that destroyer of hostile heroes, viz., Vasava, the king of the gods, joining his hands, approached Brihaspati, and saluting him, said these words. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-004 अहितेषु कथं ब्रह्मन्वर्तयेयमतन्द्रितः |
MN DUTT: 07-103-004 इन्द्र उवाच अहितेषु कथं ब्रह्मन् प्रवर्तेयमतन्द्रितः |
M. N. Dutt: Indra said How, O twice-born one, should I treat my enemies? How should I subdue them by various contrivances, without rooting them out? |
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BORI CE: 12-104-005 सेनयोर्व्यतिषङ्गेण जयः साधारणो भवेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-005 सेनयोर्व्यतिषङ्गेण जयः साधारणो भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: In a collision between two arinies, victory may be achieved by either side. In what way should I behave so that this shining prosperity that I have acquired and that scorches all my enemies, may not leave me? |
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BORI CE: 12-104-006 ततो धर्मार्थकामानां कुशलः प्रतिभानवान् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-006 ततो धर्मार्थकामानां कुशलः प्रतिभानवान् |
M. N. Dutt: Thus addressed, Brihaspati, skilled in Virtue, Profit, and Pleasure, endued with a knowledge of royal duties, and great intelligence, answered Indra as follows. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-007 न जातु कलहेनेच्छेन्नियन्तुमपकारिणः |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-103-007 बृहस्पतिरुवाच न जातु कलहेनेच्छेन्नियन्तुमपकारिणः |
M. N. Dutt: One should never wish to vanquish his enemies by quarrel. Worked up with anger and shom of forgiveness, boys only seek quarrel. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-103-008 न शत्रुर्विवृतः कार्यो वधमस्याभिकाङ्गता |
M. N. Dutt: One who wishes for the destruction of a foe, should not make that foe careful. On the other hand, one should never display one's anger or fear or joy. He should conceal these within his own heart. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-008 क्रोधं बलममर्षं च नियम्यात्मजमात्मनि |
MN DUTT: 07-103-008 न शत्रुर्विवृतः कार्यो वधमस्याभिकाङ्गता MN DUTT: 07-103-009 अमित्रमुपसेवेत विश्वस्तवदविश्वसन् |
M. N. Dutt: One who wishes for the destruction of a foe, should not make that foe careful. On the other hand, one should never display one's anger or fear or joy. He should conceal these within his own heart. Without trusting one's foe in reality, one should treat him in such a way as if he trusted him completely. One should always speak sweet words to one's enemies and never do anything that is disagreeable. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-009 प्रियमेव वदेन्नित्यं नाप्रियं किंचिदाचरेत् |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-010 यथा वैतंसिको युक्तो द्विजानां सदृशस्वनः |
MN DUTT: 07-103-010 विरमेच्छुष्कवैरेभ्यः कण्ठायासांश्च वर्जयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: One should avoid useless acts of hostility as also insolent speech. As a fowler, carefully uttering cries like those of the birds he wishes to catch, or destroy, captures and brings them under his control, even so should a king, O Purandara, bring his enemies under subjection and then kill them if he likes. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-011 न नित्यं परिभूयारीन्सुखं स्वपिति वासव |
MN DUTT: 07-103-011 न नित्यं परिभूयारीन् सुखं स्वपिति वासव |
M. N. Dutt: Having defeated one's enemies, one should not sleep at ease. A wicked enemy rises up against like a fire carelessly extinguished reappearing itself. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-012 न संनिपातः कर्तव्यः सामान्ये विजये सति |
MN DUTT: 07-103-012 न संनिपातः कर्तव्यः सामान्ये विजये सति |
M. N. Dutt: When victory may be achieved by either side, a hostile collision of arms should be avoided. Having made an enemy feel security, one should subdue him and active one's end. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-013 संप्रधार्य सहामात्यैर्मन्त्रविद्भिर्महात्मभिः BORI CE: 12-104-014 अथास्य प्रहरेत्काले किंचिद्विचलिते पदे |
MN DUTT: 07-103-013 सम्प्रधार्य सहामात्यैर्मन्त्रविद्भिर्महात्मभिः |
M. N. Dutt: Having consulted his ministers and intelligent persons conversant with policy, an enemy that is disregarded and neglected, never owning submission at heart, strikes the disregarder at the proper season, especially when the latter takes a false step. By engaging trustworthy agents of his own, such an enemy would also make the other's forces inefficient by creating disunion. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-015 आदिमध्यावसानज्ञः प्रच्छन्नं च विचारयेत् BORI CE: 12-104-016 भेदेनोपप्रदानेन संसृजन्नौषधैस्तथा |
MN DUTT: 07-103-014 आदिमध्यावसानज्ञः प्रच्छन्नं च विधारयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: Knowing the beginning, the middle, and the end of his enemy, a king should secretly entertain feelings of hostility towards them. He should corrupt the forces of his enemy, determine everything by positive evidence, creating disunion, making gifts, and administering poison. A king should never live with his foes. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-017 दीर्घकालमपि क्षान्त्वा विहन्यादेव शात्रवान् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-015 दीर्घकालमपीक्षेत निहन्यादेव शात्रवान् |
M. N. Dutt: A king should wait long and then kill his enemies. Indeed, he should wait, for the opportunity, so that he might attack his enemy at a time when the latter would not expect him in the least. A king should never kill a large number of the enemy's army, although he should certainly do that which would secure him decisive victory. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-018 न सद्योऽरीन्विनिर्हन्याद्दृष्टस्य विजयोऽज्वरः |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-019 प्राप्ते च प्रहरेत्काले न स संवर्तते पुनः |
MN DUTT: 07-103-016 न शल्यं वा घटयति न वाचा कुरुते व्रणम् |
M. N. Dutt: The king should never do such an injury to his enemy as would remain in the latter's heart. Nor should he afflict him with wordy darts and arrows. If the opportunity comes, he should strike him, without letting it slip. In this way, O king of the gods, should a king, desirous of killing his foes, treat them. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-020 यः कालो हि व्यतिक्रामेत्पुरुषं कालकाङ्क्षिणम् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-017 यो हि कालो व्यतिक्रामेत् पुरुषं कालकाक्षिणम् |
M. N. Dutt: If an opportunity, with respect to the man who waits for it, once goes away it can never be secured again by the person desirous of acting. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-021 और्जस्थ्यं विजयेदेवं संगृह्णन्साधुसंमतान् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-018 ओजश्च जनयेदेव संगृह्णन् साधुसम्मतम् |
M. N. Dutt: Acting according to the advice of the wise, a king should only break the strength of his enemy. He should never, when the opportunity is not favourable, try to achieve his end. Nor should he, when the opportunity arises, persecute his enemy. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-022 विहाय कामं क्रोधं च तथाहंकारमेव च |
MN DUTT: 07-103-019 विहाय कामं क्रोधं च तथाहंकारमेव च |
M. N. Dutt: Giving up lust, anger and pride, the king should carefully and continually watch for the shortcomings of his foes, |
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BORI CE: 12-104-023 मार्दवं दण्ड आलस्यं प्रमादश्च सुरोत्तम |
MN DUTT: 07-103-020 मार्दवं दण्ड आलस्यं प्रमादश्च सुरोत्तम |
M. N. Dutt: His own mildness, the hardship of his punishments, his inactivity and carelessness. O king of the gods, and the deceitful means well applied (by his foes), ruin a foolish king. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-024 निहत्यैतानि चत्वारि मायां प्रतिविधाय च |
MN DUTT: 07-103-021 निहत्यैतानि चत्वारि मायां प्रति विधाय च |
M. N. Dutt: That king who can overcome these four shortcomings and counteract the deceitful expedients of his enemies, succeeds, forsooth, in smiting them all. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-025 यदैवैकेन शक्येत गुह्यं कर्तुं तदाचरेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-022 यदैवैकेन शक्येत गुह्यं कर्तुं तदाचरेत् |
M. N. Dutt: When only one minister is capable to perform a secret object, the king should consult with that one minister only regarding such secret object. Many ministers, if consulted, try to throw the burden of the task upon the another's shoulders and even give out that object which should be kept close. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-026 अशक्यमिति कृत्वा वा ततोऽन्यैः संविदं चरेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-023 अशक्यमिति कृत्वा वा ततोऽन्यैः संविदं चरेत् |
M. N. Dutt: If consultation with one is not proper, then only should the king consult with many. When enemies are not seen, he should invoke divine punishment upon them; when seen, the army, consisting of fourfold forces, should be set in motion. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-027 भेदं च प्रथमं युञ्ज्यात्तूष्णींदण्डं तथैव च |
MN DUTT: 07-103-024 भेदं च प्रथमं युज्यात् तूष्णीं दण्डं तथैव च |
M. N. Dutt: The king should first use the means of creating disunion, as also those of conciliation. When the time for each particular means arrives, that particular expedient should be made use of. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-028 प्रणिपातं च गच्छेत काले शत्रोर्बलीयसः |
MN DUTT: 07-103-025 प्रणिपातं च गच्छेत काले शत्रोर्बलीयसः |
M. N. Dutt: Occasionally the king should even prostrate himself before a powerful enemy. It is again desirable that acting with every care, he should try to bring about the victor's destruction when the latter becomes careless. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-029 प्रणिपातेन दानेन वाचा मधुरया ब्रुवन् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-026 प्रणिपातेन दानेन वाचा मधुरया ब्रूवन् |
M. N. Dutt: By prostrating one's self, by giving tribute, by uttering sweet words, one should humble one's self before a more powerful king. One should never do anything that may create the suspicions of one's powerful enemy. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-030 स्थानानि शङ्कितानां च नित्यमेव विवर्जयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-027 स्थानानि शङ्कितानां च नित्यमेव विवर्जयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: The weaker king should, under such circumstances, carefully avoid every act that may create suspicion. A victorious king, again, should not trust his defeated enemies, for the vanquished always remain alert. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-031 न ह्यतो दुष्करं कर्म किंचिदस्ति सुरोत्तम |
MN DUTT: 07-103-028 न ह्यतो दुष्करं कर्म किंचिदस्ति सुरोत्तमा यथा विविधवृत्तानामैश्वर्यममराधिप |
M. N. Dutt: There is nothing, O best of gods, that is more difficult to be done than the acquisition of prosperity, O king of gods, by restless persons. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-032 तथा विविधशीलानामपि संभव उच्यते |
MN DUTT: 07-103-029 तथा विविधवृत्तानामपि सम्भव उच्यते |
M. N. Dutt: The very existence of restless persons is dangerous. Kings should, therefore, with minute attention, determine their friends, and enemies. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-033 मृदुमप्यवमन्यन्ते तीक्ष्णादुद्विजते जनः |
MN DUTT: 07-103-030 मृदुमप्यवमन्यन्ते तीक्ष्णादुद्विजते जनः मा तीक्ष्णो मा मृदुर्भूस्त्वं तीक्ष्णो भव मृदुर्भव |
M. N. Dutt: A mild king is always disregarded. If he becomes fierce, i.e., strikes people with fear. Therefore do not be fierce. Do not, again, be mild. But be both fierce and mild. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-034 यथा वप्रे वेगवति सर्वतःसंप्लुतोदके |
MN DUTT: 07-103-031 यथा वप्रे वेगवति सर्वतः सम्प्लुतोदके |
M. N. Dutt: As a rapid current ceaselessly washes away the high bank and causes large landslips, so carelessness and mistake bring about the ruination of a kingdom. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-035 न बहूनभियुञ्जीत यौगपद्येन शात्रवान् BORI CE: 12-104-036 एकैकमेषां निष्पिंषञ्शिष्टेषु निपुणं चरेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-032 न बहूनभियुञ्जीत यौगपद्येन शात्रवान् |
M. N. Dutt: Never attack many enemies simultaneously. By using the means of conciliation, or of gift, or of creation of disunion. O Purandara, they should be assailed one by one. The victor may treat peacefully the remnant. An intelligent king, even if competent for it, should not begin to crush all simultaneously. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-037 यदा स्यान्महती सेना हयनागरथाकुला BORI CE: 12-104-038 यदा बहुविधां वृद्धिं मन्यते प्रतिलोमतः |
MN DUTT: 07-103-033 यदास्यान्महती सेना हयनागरथाकुला |
M. N. Dutt: When a king happens to have a large army consisting of sixfold forces and enough of horse, elephant, cars, foot, and engines, all devoted to him, when he thinks himself superior to his enemies in many respects upon a fair comparison, then should he openly strike the enemy without hesitation. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-039 न साम दण्डोपनिषत्प्रशस्यते; न मार्दवं शत्रुषु यात्रिकं सदा |
MN DUTT: 07-103-034 न सामदण्डोपनिषत् प्रशस्यते न मार्दवं शत्रुषु यात्रिकं सदा |
M. N. Dutt: If the enemy be strong, the adoption of a policy of conciliation is not good. On the other hand, punishment by secret means should be inflicted. Such enemies shouid not be treated mildly, repeated attacks, destruction of crops, poisoning of wells and tanks, and suspicion regarding the seven branches of administration, should be made. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-040 मायाविभेदानुपसर्जनानि; पापं तथैव स्पशसंप्रयोगात् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-035 मायाविभेदानुपसर्जनानि तथैव पापं न यशःप्रयोगात् |
M. N. Dutt: The king should, on such occasions, adopt various kinds of deception, various expedients for setting his foes against one another, and various kinds of hypocrisy. He should also, through trusted agents, learn the doings of his enemies in their cities and provinces. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-041 पुराणि चैषामनुसृत्य भूमिपाः; पुरेषु भोगान्निखिलानिहाजयन् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-036 पुरापि चैषामनुसृत्य भूमिपाः पुरेषु भोगानखिलान् जयन्ति |
M. N. Dutt: Kings, O killer of Vala and Vritra, pursuing their enemies and entering their towers, seize and appropriate the best things that are to be had there, and adopt proper measures of policy in their own cities and dominions. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-042 प्रदाय गूढानि वसूनि नाम; प्रच्छिद्य भोगानवधाय च स्वान् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-037 प्रदाय गूढानि वसूनी राजन् प्रच्छिद्य भोगानवधाय च स्वान् |
M. N. Dutt: Presenting them wealth privately, and confiscating their properties publicly, without, however, injuring them materially, and proclaiming that they are all wicked men who have suffered for their own misdeeds, kings should despatch their agents to the cities and provinces of their enemies. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-043 तथैव चान्यै रतिशास्त्रवेदिभिः; स्वलंकृतैः शास्त्रविधानदृष्टिभिः |
MN DUTT: 07-103-038 तथैव चान्यैरपि शास्त्रवेदिभिः स्वलंकृतैः शास्त्रविधानदृष्टिभिः |
M. N. Dutt: At the same time, in their own cities, they should, through other persons well-read in scriptures, endued with every accomplishment, acquainted with the injunctions of the sacred books; and possessed of learning, cause incantations, and foe-destroying rites to be performed. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-044 इन्द्र उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-103-039 इन्द्र उवाच कानि लिङ्गानि दुष्टस्य भवन्ति द्विजसत्तम |
M. N. Dutt: What are the marks, O best of the twiceborn, of a wicked person! Accosted by me, tell me how am I to know who is wicked! |
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BORI CE: 12-104-045 बृहस्पतिरुवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-103-040 बृहस्पतिरुवाच परोक्षमगुणानाह सद्गुणानभ्यसूयते |
M. N. Dutt: Brihaspati said A wicked person is he who speaks of the faults of others at their back, who is filled with envy on seeing the accomplishments of others, and who remains silent when the merits of other people are described before him, being most unwilling to join them. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-046 तूष्णींभावेऽपि हि ज्ञानं न चेद्भवति कारणम् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-041 तूष्णीम्भावेऽपि विज्ञेयं न चेद्भवति कारणम् |
M. N. Dutt: Mere silence is no mark of wickedness on such occasions. A wicked person breathes heavily, bites his lips, and snakes his head. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-047 करोत्यभीक्ष्णं संसृष्टमसंसृष्टश्च भाषते |
MN DUTT: 07-103-042 करोत्यभीक्ष्णं संसृष्टमसंसृष्टश्च भाषते |
M. N. Dutt: Such a person always mixes in society and talks irrelevantly. Such a man never does what he promises, when the person to whom he has given the assurance does not observe him. When this man observes him, the wicked man does not even refer to the subject. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-048 पृथगेत्य समश्नाति नेदमद्य यथाविधि |
MN DUTT: 07-103-043 पृथगेत्य समश्नाति नेदमद्य यथाविधि |
M. N. Dutt: The wicked man eats alone, and finds fault with the food placed before him, saying.-All is not right to-day, as before. His true nature comes out when sitting, lying down, and riding. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-049 आर्तिरार्ते प्रिये प्रीतिरेतावन्मित्रलक्षणम् |
MN DUTT: 07-103-044 आर्तिराते प्रिये प्रीतिरेतावन्मित्रलक्षणम् |
M. N. Dutt: Lamenting in times of sorrow and rejoicing in times of joy are the marks of a friend, Contrary actions from the indications of an enemy. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-050 एतान्येवं यथोक्तानि बुध्येथास्त्रिदशाधिप |
MN DUTT: 07-103-045 एतान्येव यथोक्तानि बुध्येथास्त्रिदशाधिप |
M. N. Dutt: Keep in your heart these sayings, O king of the gods! The nature of wicked men can never be concealed. |
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BORI CE: 12-104-051 इति दुष्टस्य विज्ञानमुक्तं ते सुरसत्तम |
MN DUTT: 07-103-046 इति दुष्टस्य विज्ञानमुक्तं ते सुरसत्तम |
M. N. Dutt: I have now told you, O foremost of gods, what are the marks of a wicked person. Having listened to the truths given but in the scriptures, follow them duly, O king of the gods! |
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BORI CE: 12-104-052 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-103-047 भीष्म उवाच स तद्वचः शत्रुनिबर्हणे रत स्तथा चकारावितथं बृहस्पतेः |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said Having heard these words of Brihaspati, Purandara, engaged in defeating his foes, followed them strictly. Bent upon victory, that destroyer of foes, when the opportunity came, followed these instructions and subdued all his enemies!' |
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