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Book 12 – Chapter 103
BORI CE: 12-103-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-102-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच जयित्र्याः कानि रूपाणि भवन्ति भरतर्षभ |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said What are the well-known signs, O foremost of Bharata's race, of the future success of an army? I wish to know them. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-002 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-102-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच जयित्र्याः कानि रूपाणि भवन्ति भरतर्षभ |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said What are the well-known signs, O foremost of Bharata's race, of the future success of an army? I wish to know them. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-102-002 भीष्म उवाच जयित्र्या यानि रूपाणि भवन्ति भरतर्षभ |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said I shall tell you, O foremost of Bharata's race, all the well-known marks of the (future) success of an army? |
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BORI CE: 12-103-003 दैवं पूर्वं विकुरुते मानुषे कालचोदिते BORI CE: 12-103-004 प्रायश्चित्तविधिं चात्र जपहोमांश्च तद्विदः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-003 दैवे पूर्वं प्रकुपिते मानुषे कालचोदिते |
M. N. Dutt: When the gods become angry and men are impelled by Destiny, learned persons, seeing cverything with the eye of divine knowledge, perform various auspicious acts and expiatory rites including Homa and the silent recitation of Mantras, and thus counteract all evils. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-005 उदीर्णमनसो योधा वाहनानि च भारत |
MN DUTT: 07-102-004 उदीर्णमनसो योधा वाहनानि च भारत |
M. N. Dutt: That army in which the troops and the animals are all hearty and cheerful, O Bharata is sure to gain a decided success. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-006 अन्वेनां वायवो वान्ति तथैवेन्द्रधनूंषि च |
MN DUTT: 07-102-005 अन्वेतान् वायवो यान्ति तथैवेन्द्रधनूंषि च |
M. N. Dutt: The wind blows favourably from behind such troops. Rainbows appear in the sky. The clouds cast their shadows upon them and occasionally the sun shines upon them. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-007 गोमायवश्चानुलोमा वडा गृध्राश्च सर्वशः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-006 गोमायवश्चानुकूला बलगृध्राश्च सर्वशः |
M. N. Dutt: The jackals, ravens and vultures become auspicious to them. When these show such regard to the army, great success is sure to be achieved by it. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-008 प्रसन्नभाः पावक ऊर्ध्वरश्मिः; प्रदक्षिणावर्तशिखो विधूमः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-007 प्रसन्नभाः पावकचोर्ध्वरश्मिः प्रदक्षिणावर्तशिखो विधूमः |
M. N. Dutt: Their sacrificial fires burn up with a pure splendour, the light going upwards and the smokeless flames slightly bending towards the south. The libations poured thereon send out a sweet smell. These are the marks of future success. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-009 गम्भीरशब्दाश्च महास्वनाश्च; शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च नदन्ति यत्र |
MN DUTT: 07-102-008 गम्भीरशब्दाश्च महास्वनाश्च शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च नदन्ति यत्र |
M. N. Dutt: The conchs and drums blown and beat, send forth loud and deep peals. The warriors become filled with confidence. These are the marks of future success. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-010 इष्टा मृगाः पृष्ठतो वामतश्च; संप्रस्थितानां च गमिष्यतां च |
MN DUTT: 07-102-009 इष्टा मृगाः पृष्ठतो वामतश्च सम्प्रस्थितानां च गमिष्यतां चा जिघांसतां दक्षिणाः सिद्धिमार्छ ये त्वग्रतस्ते प्रतिषेधन्ति |
M. N. Dutt: If deer and other quadrupeds be seen behind or to the left of those that have already started for battle or of those that are about to start, they are regarded auspicious. If they appear to the right of the warriors about to engage in slaughter, it is considered as a mark of success. If, however, they appear in the van of such persons, they presage disaster and defeat. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-011 मङ्गल्यशब्दाः शकुना वदन्ति; हंसाः क्रौञ्चाः शतपत्राश्च चाषाः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-010 माङ्गल्यशब्दाशकुना वदन्ति हंसाः क्रौञ्चा: शतपत्राश्च चाषा: |
M. N. Dutt: If the birds, swans, cranes, Shatapatras and Chashas utter auspicious cries, and all the ablebodied warriors become cheerful, these are considered as marks of future success. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-012 शस्त्रैः पत्रैः कवचैः केतुभिश्च; सुभानुभिर्मुखवर्णैश्च यूनाम् |
MN DUTT: 07-102-011 शस्त्रैर्यन्त्रैः कवचैः केतुभिश्च सुभानुभिर्मुखवणैश्च यूनाम् |
M. N. Dutt: They, whose arrangement shines forth and becomes terrible to look at for the lustre of their weapons, machines, armour, and standards, as also for the shining hue of the faces of the strong men which compose it, always succeed in defeating their enemies. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-013 शुश्रूषवश्चानभिमानिनश्च; परस्परं सौहृदमास्थिताश्च |
MN DUTT: 07-102-012 शुश्रूषवश्चानभिमानिनश्च परस्परं सौहृदमास्थिताश्च |
M. N. Dutt: If the warriors of an army be of pure conduct and modest manner and treat one another with loving kindness, it is regarded as a mark of future success. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-014 शब्दाः स्पर्शास्तथा गन्धा विचरन्ति मनःप्रियाः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-013 शब्दाः स्पर्शास्तथा गन्धा विचरन्ति मनः प्रियाः |
M. N. Dutt: If sweet sounds and odours and sensations of touch prevail, and if the warriors are filled with gratitude and patience, it is regarded as the root of success. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-015 इष्टो वामः प्रविष्टस्य दक्षिणः प्रविविक्षतः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-014 इष्टो वामः प्रविष्टस्य दक्षिणः प्रविविक्षतः |
M. N. Dutt: The crow on the left of person engaged in battle and on the right of him who is about to engage in it, is considered auspicious. Appearing at the back, it presages the nonfulfilment of the objects in view, while its appearance in the front indicates danger. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-016 संभृत्य महतीं सेनां चतुरङ्गां युधिष्ठिर |
MN DUTT: 07-102-015 सम्भृत्य महतीं सेनां चतुरङ्गां युधिष्ठिर |
M. N. Dutt: Even after enlisting a large army consisting of the fourfold forces, you should, O Yudhishthira, first behave peacefully. If your attempts to secure peace fail, then you may engaged in battle. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-017 जघन्य एष विजयो यद्युद्धं नाम भारत |
MN DUTT: 07-102-016 जघन्य एष विजयो यद् युद्धं नाम भारत |
M. N. Dutt: The victory, O Bharata, that one gains by battle is very inferior. Victory in battle, depends on caprice or destiny. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-018 अपामिव महावेगस्त्रस्ता मृगगणा इव |
MN DUTT: 07-102-017 अपामिव महावेगस्त्रस्ता इव महामृगाः |
M. N. Dutt: When a large army is routed and the troops begin to fly away, it is highly difficult to restrain their flight. The force of the fight resembles that of a mighty current of water of a frightened herd of deer. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-019 भग्ना इत्येव भज्यन्ते विद्वांसोऽपि नकारणम् |
MN DUTT: 07-102-018 भग्ना इत्येव भज्यन्ते विद्वांसोऽपि न कारणम् |
M. N. Dutt: Seeing some routed, others, even through they are brave and skilled in fight, break without sufficient cause. A larger army, consisting of brave soldiers, is like a large herd or Ruru deer. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-020 परस्परज्ञाः संहृष्टास्त्यक्तप्राणाः सुनिश्चिताः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-019 परस्परज्ञाः संहृष्टास्त्यक्तप्राणाः सुनिश्चिताः |
M. N. Dutt: Sometimes it is seen that even fifty men, firm and relying upon one another, cheerful and prepared to sacrifice their lives, succeed in grinding enemies much superior to them in number. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-021 अथ वा पञ्च षट्सप्त सहिताः कृतनिश्चयाः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-020 अपि वा पञ्च षट् सप्त संहताः कृतनिश्चयाः |
M. N. Dutt: Sometimes even five, or six, or seven men, firm and standing close together, of high birth and esteemed of those that know them, defeat enemies much superior to them in number. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-022 संनिपातो न गन्तव्यः शक्ये सति कथंचन |
MN DUTT: 07-102-021 संनियातो न मन्तव्यः शक्ये सति कथंचन |
M. N. Dutt: The collision of battle is not at all desirable as long as it can be avoided. The policy of conciliation, of creating disunion, and making gifts should first be tried; battle, it is said, should take place after these. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-023 संसर्पणाद्धि सेनाया भयं भीरून्प्रबाधते |
MN DUTT: 07-102-022 संदर्शेनैव सेनाया भयं भीरून् प्रबाधते |
M. N. Dutt: On seeing a hostile army, fear paralyses the timid, as on seeing a thunderbolt they ask,-Oh upon what would it fall? |
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BORI CE: 12-103-024 अभिप्रयातां समितिं ज्ञात्वा ये प्रतियान्त्यथ |
MN DUTT: 07-102-023 अभिप्रयातां समितिं ज्ञात्वा ये प्रतियान्त्यथ |
M. N. Dutt: Having determined that a battle is raging, the limbs of those that go to join it, as also of him that is conquering, are covered with perspiration. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-025 विषयो व्यथते राजन्सर्वः सस्थाणुजङ्गमः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-024 विषयो व्यथते राजन् सर्वः सस्थाणुजङ्गमः |
M. N. Dutt: The entire seat of war, O king, becomes agitated and afflicted, with all its mobile and immobile residents. The very marrow of creatures, scorched with the heat of weapons, languishes with pain. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-026 तेषां सान्त्वं क्रूरमिश्रं प्रणेतव्यं पुनः पुनः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-025 तेषां सान्त्वं क्रूरमिश्रं प्रणेतव्यं पुनः पुनः |
M. N. Dutt: A king should, therefore, at all times, use the means of conciliation, accompanied with hard measures. When people are assailed by enemies they always display a tendency to come to terms. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-027 अन्तराणां च भेदार्थं चारानभ्यवचारयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-102-026 आन्तराणां च भेदार्थं चरानभ्यवचारयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: Secret agents should be sent for creating disunion amongst the allies of the enemy. Having created disunion, it is very desirable that peace should then be made with that king who is more powerful than the enemy. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-028 न हि तस्यान्यथा पीडा शक्या कर्तुं तथाविधा |
MN DUTT: 07-102-027 न हि तस्यान्यथा पीडा शक्या कर्तुं तथाविधा |
M. N. Dutt: If the invader does not act thus, he can never succeed in crushing his enemy completely. In dealing with the foe, care should be taken for attacking him from all sides. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-029 क्षमा वै साधुमाया हि न हि साध्वक्षमा सदा |
MN DUTT: 07-102-028 क्षमा वै साधुमायाति न ह्यसाधूक्षमा सदा |
M. N. Dutt: Forgiveness always comes to the good. It never comes to the bad. Listen now, O Partha, to the uses of forgiveness and of hardness. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-030 विजित्य क्षममाणस्य यशो राज्ञोऽभिवर्धते |
MN DUTT: 07-102-029 विजित्य क्षममाणस्य यशो राज्ञो विवर्धते |
M. N. Dutt: The fame of a king who shows forgiveness after conquest spreads more widely. The very enemies of a forgiving person trust him even when he becomes guilty of a heinous crime. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-031 मन्यते कर्शयित्वा तु क्षमा साध्विति शम्बरः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-030 मन्यते कर्षयित्वा तु क्षमा साध्वीति शम्बरः |
M. N. Dutt: Shamvara has said that having assailed an enemy, forgiveness should be shown afterwards, for a wooden pole, if made straight without heat, very soon assumes its former state. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-032 नैतत्प्रशंसन्त्याचार्या न च साधु निदर्शनम् |
MN DUTT: 07-102-031 नैतत् प्रशंसन्त्याचार्या न च साधुनिदर्शनम् |
M. N. Dutt: Persons conversant with the scriptures do not, however, praise this. Nor do they consider this a characteristic of a good king. On the other hand, they say that an enemy should be subdued and restrained like a father subduing and checking a son, without anger and without killing him. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-033 द्वेष्यो भवति भूतानामुग्रो राजा युधिष्ठिर |
MN DUTT: 07-102-032 द्वेष्यो भवति भूतानामुग्रो राजा युधिष्ठिर |
M. N. Dutt: If, O Yudhishthira, a king becomes severe, he is hated of all creatures. If, on the other hand, he becomes mild, he is disregarded by all. Do you, therefore, practise both severity and mildness. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-034 प्रहरिष्यन्प्रियं ब्रूयात्प्रहरन्नपि भारत |
MN DUTT: 07-102-033 प्रहरिष्यन् ब्रूयात् प्रहरन्नापि भारत |
M. N. Dutt: Before striking, O Bharata, and while sticking, utter sweet words; and while striking, utter sweet words; and after having beaten them, show them mercy and let them understand that you are grieving and weeping for them. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-035 न मे प्रियं यत्स हतः संप्राहैवं पुरो वचः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-034 न मे प्रियं यनिहताः संग्रामे मामकैनरैः |
M. N. Dutt: Having defeated an army, the king should address the survivors saying-I am not at all glad that so many have been killed by my men. Alas, the latter, through repeatedly dissuaded by me, have not obeyed my orders. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-036 अहो जीवितमाकाङ्क्षे नेदृशो वधमर्हति |
MN DUTT: 07-102-035 अहो जीवितमाकाक्षेन्नेदृशो वधमर्हति! सुदुर्लभाः सुपुरुषाः संग्रामेष्वपलायिनः |
M. N. Dutt: I wish they were all alive. They do not deserve such death. They were all good and sincere men, and unretreating from battle. Such inan, indeed, are rare. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-037 कृतं ममाप्रियं तेन येनायं निहतो मृधे |
MN DUTT: 07-102-036 कृतं ममाप्रियं तेन येनायं निहतो मधे |
M. N. Dutt: He that has killed such a hero in battle, has surely done that which I do not like.-Having said so before the survivors of the defeated enemy, the king should in secret honour those amongst his own troops that have bravely killed the foe. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-038 हन्तॄणां चाहतानां च यत्कुर्युरपराधिनः |
MN DUTT: 07-102-037 हन्तृणामाहतानां च यत् कुर्युरपराधिनः |
M. N. Dutt: For comforting the wounded slayers for their sufferings at the hand of enemy, the king, desirous of securing their devotion to himself, should even weep, catching their hands affectionately. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-039 एवं सर्वास्ववस्थासु सान्त्वपूर्वं समाचरन् |
MN DUTT: 07-102-038 एवं सर्वास्ववस्थासु सान्त्वपूर्वं समाचरेत् |
M. N. Dutt: The king should thus, under all circumstances, behave with conciliation. A fearless and virtuous king, is loved by all creatures. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-040 विश्वासं चात्र गच्छन्ति सर्वभूतानि भारत |
MN DUTT: 07-102-039 विश्वासं चात्र गच्छन्ति सर्वभूतानि भारत |
M. N. Dutt: All creatures also, O Bharata, trust such a king. Winning their confidence, he succeeds in enjoying the Earth as he pleases. |
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BORI CE: 12-103-041 तस्माद्विश्वासयेद्राजा सर्वभूतान्यमायया |
MN DUTT: 07-102-040 तस्माद् विश्वासयेद् राजा सर्वभूतान्यमायया |
M. N. Dutt: The king should, therefore, by casting off deceitfulness, seek to secure the confidence of all creatures. He should also try to protect his subjects from all fears if he seeks to enjoy the Earth. |
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