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Book 12 – Chapter 161
BORI CE: 12-161-001 वैशंपायन उवाच BORI CE: 12-161-002 धर्मे चार्थे च कामे च लोकवृत्तिः समाहिता |
MN DUTT: 07-167-001 वैशम्पायन उवाच इत्युक्तवति भीष्मे तु तूष्णीभूत युधिष्ठिरः |
M. N. Dutt: Vaishampayana said When after having said this, Bhishma became silent, Yudhishthira (and the others) returned home. Addressing his brothers with Vidura forming the fifth, the king said,-'The course of the world depends upon Virtue, Profit and Desire. Amongst these three, which is the foremost, which the second, and which the last, in importance. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-003 कस्मिंश्चात्मा नियन्तव्यस्त्रिवर्गविजयाय वै |
MN DUTT: 07-167-002 कस्मिंश्चात्मा निधातव्यस्त्रिवर्गविजयाय वै |
M. N. Dutt: For suppressing the three vices, viz., lust, anger and covetousness), upon which of the first three (viz., Virtue, Profit and Desire) should the mind be fixed? You should all cheerfully answer this question in true words. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-004 ततोऽर्थगतितत्त्वज्ञः प्रथमं प्रतिभानवान् |
MN DUTT: 07-167-003 ततोऽर्थगतितत्त्वज्ञः प्रथमं प्रतिमानवान् |
M. N. Dutt: Thus addressed by the Kuru chief, Vidura, who was conversant with the science of Profit, with the course of the world and with the real nature of thing, and endued with great intellect, spoke first these words, remembering the contents of the scriptures. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-005 बाहुश्रुत्यं तपस्त्यागः श्रद्धा यज्ञक्रिया क्षमा |
MN DUTT: 07-167-004 विदुर उवाच बाहुश्रुत्यं तपस्त्यागः श्रद्धा यज्ञक्रिया क्षमा |
M. N. Dutt: Vidura said Study of the various scriptures, asceticism, gift, faith, celebration of sacrifices, forgiveness, sincerity of purpose, mercy, truth, self-control,-these form the possessions of Virtue. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-006 एतदेवाभिपद्यस्व मा ते भूच्चलितं मनः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-005 एतदेवाभिपद्यस्व मा तेऽभूच्चलितं मनः |
M. N. Dutt: Do you adopt Virtue. Let not your heart go away from it. Both virtue and worldly profit originate from these. I think that all these may be signified by one term. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-007 धर्मेणैवर्षयस्तीर्णा धर्मे लोकाः प्रतिष्ठिताः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-006 धर्मेणैवर्षयस्तीर्णा धर्मे लोकाः प्रतिष्ठिताः |
M. N. Dutt: It is by virtue that the Rishis have crossed the world. All the worlds depend upon virtue. It is by virtue that the gods acquired their superior position. Upon Virtue, Profit or Wealth depends. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-008 धर्मो राजन्गुणश्रेष्ठो मध्यमो ह्यर्थ उच्यते |
MN DUTT: 07-167-007 धर्मो राजन् गुणः श्रेष्ठो मध्यमो ह्यर्थ उच्यते |
M. N. Dutt: Virtue, O king, is foremost of all. Profit is said to be middling. Desire it is said by the wise, is the lowest of the three. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-167-008 तस्माद् धर्मप्रधानेन भवितव्य यतात्मना |
M. N. Dutt: Therefore, one should live with controlled soul, paying his best attention to Virtue. One should also treat all creatures as he should do himself. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-009 समाप्तवचने तस्मिन्नर्थशास्त्रविशारदः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-009 वैशम्पायन उवाच समाप्तवचने तस्मिन्नर्थशास्त्रविशारदः |
M. N. Dutt: After Vidura had finished his say, Pritha's son Arjuna, well-skilled in the science of Profit, and conversant also with the truths of both Virtue and Profit, urged urged on (by Yudhishthira's question), said. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-010 कर्मभूमिरियं राजन्निह वार्त्ता प्रशस्यते BORI CE: 12-161-011 अर्थ इत्येव सर्वेषां कर्मणामव्यतिक्रमः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-010 अर्जुन उवाच कर्मभूमिरियं राजनिह वार्ता प्रशस्यते |
M. N. Dutt: Arjuna said This world O king, is the field of work. Action, therefore, is spoken highly of here. Agriculture, trade, tending of cattle, and various kinds of arts, form what is called profit. Profit, again, is the end of all such acts. Without profit or wealth, both virtue and desire cannot be acquired. This is the injunction of the Shruti. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-012 विजयी ह्यर्थवान्धर्ममाराधयितुमुत्तमम् |
MN DUTT: 07-167-011 विषयैरर्थवान् धर्ममाराधयितुमुत्तमम् |
M. N. Dutt: Even persons of impure souls, if possessed of various sorts of wealth, can perform the highest acts of virtue and gratify desires that cannot be easily satisfied. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-013 अर्थस्यावयवावेतौ धर्मकामाविति श्रुतिः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-012 अर्थस्यावयवावेतौ धर्मकामाविति श्रुतिः |
M. N. Dutt: Virtue and Desire are the limbs of Wealth as the Shruti says. With the acquisition of Wealth, both Virtue and the objects of desire may be acquired. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-014 उद्भूतार्थं हि पुरुषं विशिष्टतरयोनयः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-013 तद्गतार्थं हि पुरुषं विशिष्टतरयोनयः |
M. N. Dutt: Like all creatures adoring Brahman, even persons of superior birth adore man possessed of Wealth. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-015 जटाजिनधरा दान्ताः पङ्कदिग्धा जितेन्द्रियाः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-014 जटाजिनधरा दान्ताः पङ्कदिग्धा जितेन्द्रियाः |
M. N. Dutt: Even they who are clad in deerskins and bear matted locks on their heads, who are selfcontrolled, who smear their bodies with mire, who have their senses under complete control, even they who have bald heads and that are devoted Brahmacharins, and ad who live separated from one another, cherish a desire for Wealth. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-016 काषायवसनाश्चान्ये श्मश्रुला ह्रीसुसंवृताः BORI CE: 12-161-017 अर्थार्थिनः सन्ति केचिदपरे स्वर्गकाङ्क्षिणः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-015 काषायवसनाश्चान्ये श्मश्रुला हीनिषेविणः |
M. N. Dutt: Other clad in yellow robes, bearing long beards endued with modesty, and learning, contented, and freed from all attachments seek Wealth. Others, following the conduct of their ancestors, and observing their respective duties, and others desirous of heaven, do the same. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-018 आस्तिका नास्तिकाश्चैव नियताः संयमे परे |
MN DUTT: 07-167-016 आस्तिका नास्तिकाश्चैव नियताः संयमे परे |
M. N. Dutt: Believers and unbelievers, and those who practise the highest Yoga all speak of the excellence of Wealth. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-019 भृत्यान्भोगैर्द्विषो दण्डैर्यो योजयति सोऽर्थवान् |
MN DUTT: 07-167-017 भृत्यान् भोगैर्द्विषो दण्डैर्यो योजयति सोऽर्थवान् |
M. N. Dutt: He, indeed, is said to be truly possessed of Wealth who pleases his dependants with objects of enjoyment, and punishes his enemies. This, O foremost of intelligent men, is my opinion. Hear now Nakula and Sahadeva, who are about to speak. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-020 ततो धर्मार्थकुशलौ माद्रीपुत्रावनन्तरम् |
MN DUTT: 07-167-018 वैशम्पायन उवाच ततो धर्मार्थकुशलौ माद्रीपुत्रावनन्तरम् |
M. N. Dutt: After Arjuna had ceased, the two sons of Madri, viz., Nakula and Sahadeva, said these words of high import. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-021 आसीनश्च शयानश्च विचरन्नपि च स्थितः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-019 नकुलसहदेवावूचतुः आसीनश्च शयानश्च विचरन्नपि वा स्थितः |
M. N. Dutt: Sitting or lying, walking or standing, one should try to acquire Wealth even by the most difficult means. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-022 अस्मिंस्तु वै सुसंवृत्ते दुर्लभे परमप्रिये |
MN DUTT: 07-167-020 अस्मिंस्तु वै विनिर्वृत्ते दुर्लभे परमप्रिये |
M. N. Dutt: If Wealth, which is difficult of acquisition and highly agreeable, be acquired, the person who has acquired it, forsooth, is seen to earn all the objects of Desire. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-023 योऽर्थो धर्मेण संयुक्तो धर्मो यश्चार्थसंयुतः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-021 योऽर्थो धर्मेण संयुक्तो धर्मो यश्चार्थसंयुतः |
M. N. Dutt: That Wealth which is connected with Virtue, as also that Virtue which is connected with Wealth, is certainly like ambrosia. For this reason we hold these opinions. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-024 अनर्थस्य न कामोऽस्ति तथार्थोऽधर्मिणः कुतः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-022 अनर्थस्य न कामोऽस्ति तथार्थोऽधर्मिणः कुतः |
M. N. Dutt: A person without wealth cannot satisfy any desire; likewise, there can be no Wealth in one who is destitute of virtue. He, therefore, who has no virtue, or wealth, is feared by the world. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-025 तस्माद्धर्मप्रधानेन साध्योऽर्थः संयतात्मना |
MN DUTT: 07-167-023 तस्माद् धर्मप्रधानेन साध्योऽर्थः संयतात्मना |
M. N. Dutt: One should, therefore, try to acquire Wealth with a devoted mind, without neglecting the requirements of Virtue. They who have faith in this injunction succeed in gaining whatever they desire. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-026 धर्मं समाचरेत्पूर्वं तथार्थं धर्मसंयुतम् |
MN DUTT: 07-167-024 धर्मं समाचरेत् पूर्वं ततोऽर्थं धर्मसंयुतम् |
M. N. Dutt: One should first practise Virtue; next amass Wealth without sacrificing virtue; and then seek the gratification of Desire; for this should be the last act of one who has successfully acquired Wealth. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-027 विरेमतुस्तु तद्वाक्यमुक्त्वा तावश्विनोः सुतौ |
MN DUTT: 07-167-025 वैशम्पायन उवाच विरेमतुस्तु तद् वाक्यमुक्त्वा तावश्विनोः सुतौ |
M. N. Dutt: Vaishampayana continued After having said these words, the twin son of the Ashvins remained silent. Then Bhimasena began to say. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-028 नाकामः कामयत्यर्थं नाकामो धर्ममिच्छति |
MN DUTT: 07-167-026 भीमसेन उवाच नाकामः कामयत्यर्थं नाकामो धर्ममिच्छति |
M. N. Dutt: Bhimasena said One without Desire never seeks Wealth. One without Desire never seeks Virtue. One who is destitute of Desire has no wish. Desire, therefore, is the foremost of all the three. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-029 कामेन युक्ता ऋषयस्तपस्येव समाहिताः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-027 कामेन युक्ता ऋषयस्तपस्येव समाहिताः |
M. N. Dutt: It is under the influence of Desire that the very Rishis practise penances, living upon fruits, or living upon roots or air only. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-030 वेदोपवादेष्वपरे युक्ताः स्वाध्यायपारगाः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-028 वेदोपवेदेष्वपरे युक्ताः स्वाध्यायपारगाः |
M. N. Dutt: Others endued with Vedic learning always read the Vedas and their auxiliaries or perform rites of faith and sacrificial acts, or make gifts or accept them. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-031 वणिजः कर्षका गोपाः कारवः शिल्पिनस्तथा |
MN DUTT: 07-167-029 वणिजः कर्षका गोपाः कारवः शिल्पिनस्तथा |
M. N. Dutt: Traders, agriculturists, cattle-keepers, artists and artisans, and those who are engaged in rites of propitiation, all act from Desire. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-032 समुद्रं चाविशन्त्यन्ये नराः कामेन संयुताः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-030 समुद्रं वा विशन्त्यन्ये नराः कामेन संयुताः |
M. N. Dutt: There are some who go into the depths of the ocean, actuated by Desire. Desire, indeed, assumes various forms. Everything is permeated by the principle of Desire. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-033 नास्ति नासीन्नाभविष्यद्भूतं कामात्मकात्परम् |
MN DUTT: 07-167-031 नास्ति नासीन्नाभविष्यद् भूतं कामात्मकात् परम् |
M. N. Dutt: A man who has no Desire never is, was, or will be, seen in this world. This, O king, is the truth. Both Virtue and Wealth depend upon Desire. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-034 नवनीतं यथा दध्नस्तथा कामोऽर्थधर्मतः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-032 नवनीतं यथा दध्नस्तथा कामोऽर्थधर्मतः |
M. N. Dutt: As butter is the essence of curds, so is Desire the essence of Profit and Virtue. Oil is better than oil-seeds. Clarified butter is better than sour milk. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-035 श्रेयः पुष्पफलं काष्ठात्कामो धर्मार्थयोर्वरः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-033 श्रेयः पुष्पफलं काष्ठात् कामो धर्मार्थयोर्वरः |
M. N. Dutt: Flowers and fruits are better than wood. Likewise, Desire is better than Virtue and Profit. As honey is extracted from flowers, so is desire from these two. Desire is the father of Virtue and profit. Desire is the soul of these two. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-036 सुचारुवेषाभिरलंकृताभि;र्मदोत्कटाभिः प्रियवादिनीभिः |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-167-034 नाकामतो नाकामतो ददति ब्राह्मणेभ्यः |
M. N. Dutt: Without Desire the Brahmanas would never give either sweets or riches to Brahmanas. Without Desire the various kinds of action which are seen in the world would never have been seen. For these reasons, Desire is the foremost of the three objects. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-167-035 र्मदोत्कटाभिः प्रियदर्शनाभिः |
M. N. Dutt: Approaching beautiful women clad in excellent robes, decorated with ornaments and up with sweet wines, do you sport with them. Desire, O king, is the foremost of the three with us. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-037 बुद्धिर्ममैषा परिषत्स्थितस्य; मा भूद्विचारस्तव धर्मपुत्र |
MN DUTT: 07-167-036 बुद्धिर्ममैषा परिखास्थितस्य माभृद्विचारस्तव धर्मपुत्र |
M. N. Dutt: Thinking upon the question to its very roots, I have arrived at this conclusion. Do not hesitate to accept this conclusion, O son of Dharma! These words of mine are not shallow. Fair as they are, they will be acceptable to all good men. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-038 धर्मार्थकामाः सममेव सेव्या; यस्त्वेकसेवी स नरो जघन्यः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-037 धर्मार्थकामाः सममेव सेव्या यो होकभक्तः स नरो जघन्यः |
M. N. Dutt: Virtue, Profit, and Desire should all be equally pursued. That man who follows only one of them is certainly not a superior person. He is middling who follows only two of them. He, on the other hand, is the best who follows all the three. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-039 प्राज्ञः सुहृच्चन्दनसारलिप्तो; विचित्रमाल्याभरणैरुपेतः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-038 प्राज्ञः सुहृच्चन्दनसारलिप्तो विचित्रमाल्याभरणैरुपेतः |
M. N. Dutt: Having said these words both briefly and fully, to those heroes, Bhima endued with wisdom, surrounded by friends smeared with sandal-paste, and decorated with beautiful garlands and ornaments, remained silent. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-040 ततो मुहूर्तादथ धर्मराजो; वाक्यानि तेषामनुचिन्त्य सम्यक् |
MN DUTT: 07-167-039 ततो मुहूर्तादथ धर्मराजो वाक्यानि तेषामनुचिन्त्य सम्यक् |
M. N. Dutt: Then the just king Yudhishthira, that foremost of virtuous men, endued with great of you learning, thinking only for some time upon the words spoken by all of them, and thinking all those speeches to be false philosophy himself spoken as follows: |
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BORI CE: 12-161-041 निःसंशयं निश्चितधर्मशास्त्राः; सर्वे भवन्तो विदितप्रमाणाः |
MN DUTT: 07-167-040 युधिष्ठिर उवाच निःसंशयं निश्चितधर्मशास्त्राः सर्वे भवन्तो विदितप्रमाणाः |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said Forsooth, all have settled conclusions regarding the scriptures, and all of you know well the authorities. I have heard these words. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-042 यो वै न पापे निरतो न पुण्ये; नार्थे न धर्मे मनुजो न कामे |
MN DUTT: 07-167-041 इदं त्ववश्यं गदतो ममापि वाक्य निबोधध्वमनन्यभावाः |
M. N. Dutt: Listen now, with rapt attention, to what I say to you. He who is not employed in virtue or in sin, he who does not attend to Profit, or Virtue, or Desire, who is above all shortcomings, who regards gold and a clod of Earth with equal eyes, becomes freed from pleasure and pain and the necessity of accomplishing his purposes. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-043 भूतानि जातीमरणान्वितानि; जराविकारैश्च समन्वितानि |
MN DUTT: 07-167-042 भूतानि जातिस्मरणात्मकानि जराविकारैश्च समन्वितानि |
M. N. Dutt: All creatures are subject to birth and death. All are liable to decay and change. Risen to their senses by the various benefits and evils of life, all of them speak highly of liberation. We do not know, however, what liberation is. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-044 स्नेहे नबद्धस्य न सन्ति तानी;त्येवं स्वयंभूर्भगवानुवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-167-043 स्नेहेन युक्तस्य न चास्ति मुक्तिरिति स्वयम्भूर्भगवानुवाच |
M. N. Dutt: The Self-sprung and divine Brahman has said that there is no liberation for him who is fettered with ties of attachment and love. The learned, however, seek Extinction. Therefore, one should never regard anything as either pleasant or unpleasant. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-045 एतत्प्रधानं न तु कामकारो; यथा नियुक्तोऽस्मि तथा चरामि |
MN DUTT: 07-167-044 एतत् प्रधानं च न कामकारो यथा नियुक्तोऽस्मि तथा करोमि |
M. N. Dutt: This view seems to be the best. Not one in this world can act as he likes. I act precisely as I am made to do. The great Creator makes all creatures move as He wills. The Creator is Supreme. Know this, all of you. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-046 न कर्मणाप्नोत्यनवाप्यमर्थं; यद्भावि सर्वं भवतीति वित्त |
MN DUTT: 07-167-045 न कर्मणाऽऽप्नोत्यनवाष्यमर्थे यद्भावि तद्वै भवतीति वित्त |
M. N. Dutt: No one can, by his deed, acquire what is unobtainable. That which is to be, occurs. Know this. And since one who has withdrawn himself from the three-fold objects may acquire liberation, it seems, therefore, that liberation yields the highest good, |
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BORI CE: 12-161-047 ततस्तदग्र्यं वचनं मनोनुगं; समस्तमाज्ञाय ततोऽतिहेतुमत् |
MN DUTT: 07-167-046 वैशम्पायन उवाच ततस्तदग्रयं वचनं मनोमुगं समस्तमाज्ञाय ततो हि हेतुमत् |
M. N. Dutt: Having heard all these most significant reasonable and pleasant words, Bhima and others were filled with joy and joining their hands, bowed to that prince of Kuru's race. |
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BORI CE: 12-161-048 सुचारुवर्णाक्षरशब्दभूषितां; मनोनुगां निर्धुतवाक्यकण्टकाम् |
MN DUTT: 07-167-047 सुचारुवर्णाक्षरचारुभूषितां मनोनुगां निधुतवाक्यकण्टकाम् |
M. N. Dutt: O king, having heard those sweet words of the king, acceptable to the heart, and divested of dissonant sounds and words, indeed, those foremost of men began to speak highly of Yudhishthira. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-167-048 स्तदा प्रतीतान् प्रशशंस वीर्यवान् |
M. N. Dutt: The great and highly energetic son of Dharma, in return, praised his auditors; and more the king addressed Bhishma, possessed of a high soul, for enquiring about duties. once |
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