Mahābhārata

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Book 13 – Chapter 010

BORI CE: 13-010-001

युधिष्ठिर उवाच
मित्रसौहृदभावेन उपदेशं करोति यः
जात्यावरस्य राजर्षे दोषस्तस्य भवेन्न वा

MN DUTT: 09-010-001

युधिष्ठिर उवाच मित्रसौहार्दयोगेन उपदेशं करोति यः
जात्याऽधरस्य राजर्षेर्दोषस्तस्य भवेन्न वा

M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said I wish to know, O royal sage, whether any sin is committed by one who from interested or disinterested friendship delivers instructions to a person of a low order of birth.

BORI CE: 13-010-002

एतदिच्छामि तत्त्वेन व्याख्यातुं वै पितामह
सूक्ष्मा गतिर्हि धर्मस्य यत्र मुह्यन्ति मानवाः

MN DUTT: 09-010-002

एतदिच्छामि तत्त्वेन व्याख्यातुं वै पितामह
सूक्ष्मा गतिर्हि धर्मस्य यत्र मुह्यन्ति मानवाः

M. N. Dutt: O grandfather, I wish to hear this explained to me in full. The course of duty is highly subtile. Men are often seen to be stupefied about that course.

BORI CE: 13-010-003

भीष्म उवाच
अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि शृणु राजन्यथागमम्
ऋषीणां वदतां पूर्वं श्रुतमासीद्यथा मया

MN DUTT: 09-010-003

भीष्म उवाच अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि शृणु राजन् यथाक्रमम्
ऋषीणां वदतां पूर्वं श्रुतमासीत् यथा पुरा

M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said About it, o king, I shall recite to you, in due order, what I heard certain Rishis say in days of yore.

BORI CE: 13-010-004

उपदेशो न कर्तव्यो जातिहीनस्य कस्यचित्
उपदेशे महान्दोष उपाध्यायस्य भाष्यते

MN DUTT: 09-010-004

उपदेशो न कर्तव्यो जातिहीनस्य कस्यचित्
उपदेशे महान् दोष उपाध्यायस्य भाष्यते

M. N. Dutt: Instruction should not be given to one who belongs to a low or degraded caste. It is said that the preceptor who delivers instruction to such a person commits great sin.

BORI CE: 13-010-005

निदर्शनमिदं राजञ्शृणु मे भरतर्षभ
दुरुक्तवचने राजन्यथा पूर्वं युधिष्ठिर
ब्रह्माश्रमपदे वृत्तं पार्श्वे हिमवतः शुभे

MN DUTT: 09-010-005

निदर्शनमिदं राजन् शृणु मे भरतर्षभ
दुरुक्तवचने राजन् यथापूर्वं युधिष्ठिर

M. N. Dutt: Listen to me, O chief of Bharatas, as I recite to you, O Yudhishthira, this incident which took place in days of yore, o king, of the evil consequences of imparting of instruction to a lowborn person fallen into distress.

Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE

MN DUTT: 09-010-006

ब्रह्माश्रमपदे वृत्तं पाश्र्वं हिमवतः शुभे
तत्राश्रमपदं पुण्यं नानावृक्षगणायुतम्

M. N. Dutt: The incident which I shall describe, took place in the hermitage of certain twice born sages which stood on the auspicious breast of Himavat. There, on the breast of that king of mountains, was a sacred asylum adorned with trees of various kinds.

BORI CE: 13-010-006

तत्राश्रमपदं पुण्यं नानावृक्षगणायुतम्
बहुगुल्मलताकीर्णं मृगद्विजनिषेवितम्

BORI CE: 13-010-007

सिद्धचारणसंघुष्टं रम्यं पुष्पितकाननम्
व्रतिभिर्बहुभिः कीर्णं तापसैरुपशोभितम्

MN DUTT: 09-010-006

ब्रह्माश्रमपदे वृत्तं पाश्र्वं हिमवतः शुभे
तत्राश्रमपदं पुण्यं नानावृक्षगणायुतम्

MN DUTT: 09-010-007

नानागुल्मलताकीर्णं मृगद्विजनिषेवितम्
सिद्धचारणसंयुक्तं रम्यं पुष्पितकाननम्

MN DUTT: 09-010-008

व्रतिभिर्बहुभिः कीर्णं तापसैरुपसेवितम्
ब्राह्मणैश्च महाभागैः सूर्यज्वलनसंनिभैः

M. N. Dutt: The incident which I shall describe, took place in the hermitage of certain twice born sages which stood on the auspicious breast of Himavat. There, on the breast of that king of mountains, was a sacred asylum adorned with trees of various kinds. Overgrown also with various species of crecpers and plants, it was the resort of many animals and birds. Inhabited by Siddhas and Charanas also, it was highly delightful on account of the woods that flowered there at every scason. Many Brahmacharins lived there, and many herimits. Many Brahmanas lived there, who were highly blessed and who resembled the sun or the fire in energy and effulgence.

BORI CE: 13-010-008

ब्राह्मणैश्च महाभागैः सूर्यज्वलनसंनिभैः
नियमव्रतसंपन्नैः समाकीर्णं तपस्विभिः
दीक्षितैर्भरतश्रेष्ठ यताहारैः कृतात्मभिः

MN DUTT: 09-010-009

नियमव्रतसम्पन्नैः समाकीर्णं तपस्विभिः
दीक्षितैर्भरतश्रेष्ठ यताहारैः कृतात्मभिः

M. N. Dutt: Ascetics of various kinds, observant of various restraints and vows, as also others, O king of the Bharatas, who had gone through initiatory rites and were frugal in fare and possessed of purified souls, lived there.

BORI CE: 13-010-009

वेदाध्ययनघोषैश्च नादितं भरतर्षभ
वालखिल्यैश्च बहुभिर्यतिभिश्च निषेवितम्

MN DUTT: 09-010-010

तपोध्ययनघोषैश्च नादितं भरतर्षभ
वालखिल्यैश्च बहुभिर्यतिभिश्च निषेवितम्

M. N. Dutt: Large numbers of Valikhilyas and inany who observed the vow of Sanyasa also, used to live there. On account of all this, the hermitage resounded with the recitation of the Vedas and the sacred Mantras uttered by its dwellers.

BORI CE: 13-010-010

तत्र कश्चित्समुत्साहं कृत्वा शूद्रो दयान्वितः
आगतो ह्याश्रमपदं पूजितश्च तपस्विभिः

MN DUTT: 09-010-011

तत्र कश्चित् समुत्साहं कृत्वा शूद्रो दयान्वितः
आगतो ह्याश्रमपदं पूजितश्च तपस्विभिः

M. N. Dutt: Once upon a time a Shudra endued with mercy for all creatures, ventured to come into that herinitage. Arrived at that retreat, he was duiy honoured by all the ascetics.

BORI CE: 13-010-011

तांस्तु दृष्ट्वा मुनिगणान्देवकल्पान्महौजसः
वहतो विविधा दीक्षाः संप्रहृष्यत भारत

MN DUTT: 09-010-012

तांस्तु दृष्ट्वा मुनिगणान् देवकल्पान् महौजसः
विविधां वहतो दीक्षां सम्प्राहष्यत भारत

M. N. Dutt: Seeing those ascetics of diverse classes who were endued with great energy, that resembled the gods, and who were observing diverse kinds of initiation, O Bharata, the Shudra became highly pleased at heart.

BORI CE: 13-010-012

अथास्य बुद्धिरभवत्तपस्ये भरतर्षभ
ततोऽब्रवीत्कुलपतिं पादौ संगृह्य भारत

BORI CE: 13-010-013

भवत्प्रसादादिच्छामि धर्मं चर्तुं द्विजर्षभ
तन्मां त्वं भगवन्वक्तुं प्रव्राजयितुमर्हसि

MN DUTT: 09-010-013

अथास्य बुद्धिरभवत् तपस्ये भरतर्षभ
ततोऽब्रवीत् कुलपतिं पादौ संगृह्य भारत
भवत्प्रसादादिच्छामि धर्म वक्तुं द्विजर्षभ
तन्मां त्वं भगवन् वक्तुं प्रव्राजयितुमर्हसि

M. N. Dutt: Seeing everything, ( chief of Bharata's race, the Shudra felt inclined to devote himself to the practice of penances. Touching the feet of the head of the order, O Bharata, he said to hiin. Through your favour, O foremost of twice born persons, I wish to learn the duties of religion. You should, o illustrious one, describe to me those duties and introduce me into a life of Renunciation.

BORI CE: 13-010-014

वर्णावरोऽहं भगवञ्शूद्रो जात्यास्मि सत्तम
शुश्रूषां कर्तुमिच्छामि प्रपन्नाय प्रसीद मे

MN DUTT: 09-010-014

वर्णावरोऽहं भगवन् शूद्रो जात्यास्मि सत्तम
शुश्रूषां कर्तुमिच्छामि प्रपन्नाय प्रसीद मे

M. N. Dutt: I am certainly inferior in colour, O illustrious one, for I am by caste a Shudra, O best of men! I wish to wait upon and serve you here. Be pleased with me who humbly seek your shelter.

BORI CE: 13-010-015

कुलपतिरुवाच
न शक्यमिह शूद्रेण लिङ्गमाश्रित्य वर्तितुम्
आस्यतां यदि ते बुद्धिः शुश्रूषानिरतो भव

MN DUTT: 09-010-015

कुलपतिरुवाच न शक्यमिह शूद्रेण लिङ्गमाश्रित्य वर्तितुम्
आस्यतां यदि ते बुद्धिः शुश्रूषानिरतो भव
शुश्रूषया पराँल्लोकानवाप्स्यसि न संशयः

M. N. Dutt: The Kulapati said It is impossible that a Shudra should live here following the life of Renunciation. If it pleases you, you may stay here and serve us. Forsooth, by such service you shall acquire many regions of great happiness.

BORI CE: 13-010-016

भीष्म उवाच
एवमुक्तस्तु मुनिना स शूद्रोऽचिन्तयन्नृप
कथमत्र मया कार्यं श्रद्धा धर्मे परा च मे
विज्ञातमेवं भवतु करिष्ये प्रियमात्मनः

MN DUTT: 09-010-016

भीष्म उवाच एवमुक्तस्तु मुनिना स शूद्रोऽचिन्तयन्नृप
कथमत्र मया कार्यं श्रद्धा धर्मपरा च मे

M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said Thus addressed by the ascetic, the Shudra began to think in his mind, o king How should I now act? I have great reverence for those religious duties which lead to merit.

Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE

MN DUTT: 09-010-017

विज्ञातमेवं भवतु करिष्ये प्रियमात्मनः
गत्वाऽऽश्रमपदाद् दूरमुटजं कृतवास्तु सः

M. N. Dutt: Let this, however, be settled, that I shall do what would be for my behoof. Proceeding to a spot that was distant from that hermitage, he inade a hut of the twigs and leaves of trees.

BORI CE: 13-010-017

गत्वाश्रमपदाद्दूरमुटजं कृतवांस्तु सः
तत्र वेदिं च भूमिं च देवतायतनानि च
निवेश्य भरतश्रेष्ठ नियमस्थोऽभवत्सुखम्

MN DUTT: 09-010-018

तत्र वेदी च भूमिं च देवतायतनानि च
निवेश्य भरतश्रेष्ठ नियमस्थोऽभवन्मुनिः

M. N. Dutt: Erecting also a sacrificial platform and making a little room for his sleep, and some platforms for the use of the gods, he began, O chief of the Bharatas, to lead a life governed by rigid observances and vows and to practise penances, abstaining entirely from speech.

BORI CE: 13-010-018

अभिषेकांश्च नियमान्देवतायतनेषु च
बलिं च कृत्वा हुत्वा च देवतां चाप्यपूजयत्

MN DUTT: 09-010-019

अभिषेकांश्च नियमान् देवतायतनेषु च
बलिं च कृत्वा हत्वा च देवतां चाप्यपूजयत्

M. N. Dutt: He began to perform ablutions thrice a day, observe other vows, make sacrifices to the gods, pour libations on the sacrificial fire, and adore and worship the gods in this way.

BORI CE: 13-010-019

संकल्पनियमोपेतः फलाहारो जितेन्द्रियः
नित्यं संनिहिताभिश्च ओषधीभिः फलैस्तथा

BORI CE: 13-010-020

अतिथीन्पूजयामास यथावत्समुपागतान्
एवं हि सुमहान्कालो व्यत्यक्रामत्स तस्य वै

MN DUTT: 09-010-020

संकल्पनियमोपेतः फलाहारो जितेन्द्रियः
नित्यं संनिहिताभिस्तु ओषधीभिः फलैस्तथा
अतिथीन् पूजयामास यथावत् समुपागतान्
एवं हि सुमहान् कालो व्यत्यकामत तस्य वै

M. N. Dutt: Governing all carnal desires, living sparingly upon fruits and roots, governing all his senses, he daily welcomed and entertained all that came to his hermitage as guests, offering them herbs and fruits which grew in abundance around. In this way he passed a very long time in that hermitage of his.

BORI CE: 13-010-021

अथास्य मुनिरागच्छत्संगत्या वै तमाश्रमम्
संपूज्य स्वागतेनर्षिं विधिवत्पर्यतोषयत्

MN DUTT: 09-010-021

अथास्य मुनिरागच्छत् संगत्या वै तमाश्रमम्
सम्पूज्य स्वागतेनर्षि विधिवत् समतोषयत्

M. N. Dutt: One day an ascetic came to that Shudra's asylum for making his acquaintance. The Sudra welcomed and adored the Rishi with due rites, and pleased him highly.

BORI CE: 13-010-022

अनुकूलाः कथाः कृत्वा यथावत्पर्यपृच्छत
ऋषिः परमतेजस्वी धर्मात्मा संयतेन्द्रियः

MN DUTT: 09-010-022

अनुकूला: कथाः कृत्वा यथागतमपृच्छता ऋषिः परमतेजस्वी धर्मात्मा संशितव्रतः

M. N. Dutt: Possessed of great energy, and a righteous soul, that Rishi of rigid vows conversed with his host on many agreeable subjects and informed him of the place whence he had come.

BORI CE: 13-010-023

एवं स बहुशस्तस्य शूद्रस्य भरतर्षभ
सोऽगच्छदाश्रममृषिः शूद्रं द्रष्टुं नरर्षभ

MN DUTT: 09-010-023

एवं सुबहुशस्तस्य शूद्रस्य भरतर्षभ
सोऽगच्छदाश्रममृषिः शूद्रं द्रष्टुं नरर्षभ

M. N. Dutt: In this way, O chief of the Bharatas, that Rishi, O best of men, came into the hermitage of the Shudra in numerable times for seeing him.

BORI CE: 13-010-024

अथ तं तापसं शूद्रः सोऽब्रवीद्भरतर्षभ
पितृकार्यं करिष्यामि तत्र मेऽनुग्रहं कुरु

MN DUTT: 09-010-024

अथ तं तापसं शूद्रः सोऽब्रवीद् भरतर्षभ
पितृकार्यं करिष्यामि तत्र मेऽनुग्रहं कुरु

M. N. Dutt: On one of these occasions the Shudra, O king, addressing the Rishi, said I wish to perform the rites that are ordained for the Pitris. Do you show me kindness in this matter.

BORI CE: 13-010-025

बाढमित्येव तं विप्र उवाच भरतर्षभ
शुचिर्भूत्वा स शूद्रस्तु तस्यर्षेः पाद्यमानयत्

BORI CE: 13-010-026

अथ दर्भांश्च वन्याश्च ओषधीर्भरतर्षभ
पवित्रमासनं चैव बृसीं च समुपानयत्

MN DUTT: 09-010-025

बाढमित्येव तं विप्र उवाच भरतर्षभ
शुचिर्भूत्वा स शूद्रस्तु तस्यर्षेः पाद्यमानयत्
अथ दर्भाश्च वन्यांश्च ओषधीर्भरतर्षभ
पवित्रमासनं चैव वृषी च समुपानयत्

M. N. Dutt: Very well the Brahmana said in reply to him, O king. Then, purifying himself by a bath, the Shudra brought water for the Rishi to wash his feet, and he also brought some Kusha grass, and wild herbs and fruits, and a sacred seat. and the seat called Vrishi.

BORI CE: 13-010-027

अथ दक्षिणमावृत्य बृसीं परमशीर्षिकाम्
कृतामन्यायतो दृष्ट्वा ततस्तमृषिरब्रवीत्

BORI CE: 13-010-028

कुरुष्वैतां पूर्वशीर्षां भव चोदङ्मुखः शुचिः
स च तत्कृतवाञ्शूद्रः सर्वं यदृषिरब्रवीत्

MN DUTT: 09-010-026

अथ दक्षिणमावृत्य वृषी चरमशैर्षिकीम्
कृतामन्यायतो दृष्ट्वा तं शूद्रमृषिरब्रवीत्
कुरुष्वैतां पूर्वशीर्षां भवांश्चोदङ्मुखः शुचिः
स च तत् कृतवान् शूद्रः सर्वं यदृषिरब्रवीत्

M. N. Dutt: The Vrishi, however, was placed by the Shudra towards the south, with its head turned to the west. Seeing this and knowing that it was against the ordinance, the Rishi addressed the Shudra, saying Place the Vrishni with its head turned towards the East and having purified yourself, do you sit with your face turned towards the north.The Shudra did everything as the Rishi directed.

BORI CE: 13-010-029

यथोपदिष्टं मेधावी दर्भादींस्तान्यथातथम्
हव्यकव्यविधिं कृत्स्नमुक्तं तेन तपस्विना

BORI CE: 13-010-030

ऋषिणा पितृकार्ये च स च धर्मपथे स्थितः
पितृकार्ये कृते चापि विसृष्टः स जगाम ह

BORI CE: 13-010-031

अथ दीर्घस्य कालस्य स तप्यञ्शूद्रतापसः
वने पञ्चत्वमगमत्सुकृतेन च तेन वै
अजायत महाराजराजवंशे महाद्युतिः

BORI CE: 13-010-032

तथैव स ऋषिस्तात कालधर्ममवाप्य ह
पुरोहितकुले विप्र आजातो भरतर्षभ

BORI CE: 13-010-033

एवं तौ तत्र संभूतावुभौ शूद्रमुनी तदा
क्रमेण वर्धितौ चापि विद्यासु कुशलावुभौ

MN DUTT: 09-010-027

यथोपदिष्टं मेधावी दर्भा_दि यथातथम्
हव्यकव्यविधिं कृत्स्नमुक्तं तेन तपस्विना
ऋषिणा पितृकार्यं च स च धर्मपथे स्थितः
पितृकार्यं कृते चापि विसृष्टः स जगाम ह
अथ दीर्घस्य कालस्य स तप्यन् शूद्रतापसः
वने पञ्चत्वमगमत् सुकृतेन च तेन वै
अजायत महाराजवंशे स च महाद्युतिः
तथैव स ऋषिस्तात कालधर्ममवाप ह

MN DUTT: 09-010-028

पुरोहितकुले विप्र आजातो भरतर्षभ
एवं तौ तत्र सम्भूतावुभौ शूद्रमुनी तदा

MN DUTT: 09-010-029

क्रमेण वर्धितौ चापि विद्यासु कुशलावुभौ
अथर्ववेदे वेदे च बभूवर्षिः सुनिष्ठितः

M. N. Dutt: Endued with great intelligence, and practising righteousness, the Shudra received every direction, about the Sraddha, as laid down in the ordinance, from that Rishi gifted with penances, marking the manner of spreading the Kusha grass, and placing the Arghyas, and as regards the rites to be observed in the matter of the libations to be poured and the food to be offered. After the rites in honour of the Pitris had been finished, the Rishi, was sent away the Shudra, whercupon he returned to his own abode. After a long time, the whole of which he passed practising such penances and vows, the Shudra ascetic died in the those woods. On account of I the merit he acquired by those practices, the Shudra, in his next life, was born in the family of a great king, and in time became possessed of great splendour. The twiceborn Rishi also, when the time came, paid his debt to Nature. In his next life, O chief of Bharata's race, he was born in the family of a priest. Thus those two, viz., that Shudra who had passed a life of penances and that twiceborn Rishi who had out of kindness given the former some instructions in the matter of the rites performed in honour of the Pitris, became reborn, the one as the son of a royal race and the other as the member of a priestly family. Both of them began to grow and both gained great knowledge in the usual branches of study. The Brahmana became well versed in the Vedas as also in the Atharvans.

BORI CE: 13-010-034

अथर्ववेदे वेदे च बभूवर्षिः सुनिश्चितः
कल्पप्रयोगे चोत्पन्ने ज्योतिषे च परं गतः
सख्ये चापि परा प्रीतिस्तयोश्चापि व्यवर्धत

MN DUTT: 09-010-030

कल्पप्रयोगे चोत्पन्ने ज्योतिषे च परं गतः
सांख्ये चैव परा प्रीतिस्तस्य चैवं व्यवर्धत

M. N. Dutt: The reborn Rishi gained great perfection in all sacrifices ordained in the Sutras, of the Vedanga which deals with religious rites and observances, astrology and astronomy. He took great pleasure in the Sankhya philosophy too.

BORI CE: 13-010-035

पितर्युपरते चापि कृतशौचः स भारत
अभिषिक्तः प्रकृतिभी राजपुत्रः स पार्थिवः
अभिषिक्तेन स ऋषिरभिषिक्तः पुरोहितः

MN DUTT: 09-010-031

पितर्युपरते चापि कृतशौचस्तु पार्थिव
अभिषिक्तः प्रकृतिभी राजपुत्रः स पार्थिवः

M. N. Dutt: Meanwhile, the reborn Shudra who had become a prince, when his father the king died, performed his last rites; and after he had purified himself by performing all the obsequial rites, he was installed by the subjects of his father as their king on his paternal throne.

BORI CE: 13-010-036

स तं पुरोधाय सुखमवसद्भरतर्षभ
राज्यं शशास धर्मेण प्रजाश्च परिपालयन्

Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version.

Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version.

Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE

MN DUTT: 09-010-032

अभिषिक्तेन स ऋषिरभिषिक्तः पुरोहितः
स तं पुरोधाय सुखमवसद् भरतर्षभ

M. N. Dutt: But soon after his own installation as king, he installed the rebora Rishi as his priest. Having made the Brahmana his priest, the king began to pass his days happily.

BORI CE: 13-010-037

पुण्याहवाचने नित्यं धर्मकार्येषु चासकृत्
उत्स्मयन्प्राहसच्चापि दृष्ट्वा राजा पुरोहितम्
एवं स बहुशो राजन्पुरोधसमुपाहसत्

MN DUTT: 09-010-033

राज्यं शशास धर्मेण प्रजाश्च परिपालयन्
पुण्याहवाचने नित्यं धर्मकार्येषु चासकृत्
उत्स्मयन् प्राहसच्चापि दृष्ट्वा राजा पुरोहितम्
एवं स बहुशो राजन् पुरोधसमुपाहसत्

M. N. Dutt: He ruled his kingdom piously and protected and maintained all his subject. Every day, however, the king, seeing his priest on the occasion of receiving benedictions from him as also of the performance of religious and other sacred rites, smiled or laughed loudly. In this way, O king, the reborn Shudra who had become a king, laughed at seeing his priest on numberless occasions.

BORI CE: 13-010-038

लक्षयित्वा पुरोधास्तु बहुशस्तं नराधिपम्
उत्स्मयन्तं च सततं दृष्ट्वासौ मन्युमानभूत्

MN DUTT: 09-010-034

लक्षयित्वा पुरोधास्तु बहुशस्तं नराधिपम्
उत्स्मयन्तं च सततं दृष्ट्वासौ मन्युमाविशत्

M. N. Dutt: The priest, marking that the king always smiled or laughed whenever he happened to look at him, became angry.

BORI CE: 13-010-039

अथ शून्ये पुरोधास्तु सह राज्ञा समागतः
कथाभिरनुकूलाभी राजानमभिरामयत्

MN DUTT: 09-010-035

अथ शून्ये पुरोधास्तु सह राज्ञा समागतः
कथाभिरनुकूलाभी राजानं चाभ्यरोचयत्

M. N. Dutt: On one occasion he met the king in a place where there was nobody present. He pleased the king by agreeable conversation.

BORI CE: 13-010-040

ततोऽब्रवीन्नरेन्द्रं स पुरोधा भरतर्षभ
वरमिच्छाम्यहं त्वेकं त्वया दत्तं महाद्युते

MN DUTT: 09-010-036

ततोऽब्रवीन्नरेन्द्रं स पुरोधा भरतर्षभ
वरमिच्छाम्यहं त्वेकं दत्तं महाद्युते

M. N. Dutt: Taking advantage of that moment, О chief of Bharata's race, the priest addressed the king, saying you of great splendour, I pray you to grant me a single boon.

BORI CE: 13-010-041

राजोवाच
वराणां ते शतं दद्यां किमुतैकं द्विजोत्तम
स्नेहाच्च बहुमानाच्च नास्त्यदेयं हि मे तव

MN DUTT: 09-010-037

राजोवाच वराणां ते शतं दद्यां किं बतैकं द्विजोत्तम
स्नेहाच्च बहुमानाच्च नास्त्यदेयं हि मे तव

M. N. Dutt: The king said Of boons, O best of twiceborn persons, I am ready to grant you a hundred, what do you say then of one only? From the affection I have for you and the reverence in which I hold you, there is nothing that I cannot give you.

BORI CE: 13-010-042

पुरोहित उवाच
एकं वै वरमिच्छामि यदि तुष्टोऽसि पार्थिव
यद्ददासि महाराज सत्यं तद्वद मानृतम्

MN DUTT: 09-010-038

पुरोहित उवाच एकं वै वरमिच्छामि यदि तुष्टोऽसि पार्थिव
प्रतिजानीहि तावत् त्वं सत्यं यद् वद नानृतम्

M. N. Dutt: The priest said I wish to have only one boon, if, O king, you have been pleased with me. Promise that you would tell me the truth, instead of any untruth.

BORI CE: 13-010-043

भीष्म उवाच
बाढमित्येव तं राजा प्रत्युवाच युधिष्ठिर
यदि ज्ञास्यामि वक्ष्यामि अजानन्न तु संवदे

MN DUTT: 09-010-039

भीष्म उवाच बाढमित्येव तं राजा प्रत्युवाच युधिष्ठिर
यदि ज्ञास्यामि वक्ष्यामि अजानन् न तु संवदे

M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said Thus addressed by the priest, O Yudhishthira, the king said to himSo be it! If I know what you would ask me, I shall certainly tell you truly. If, on the other hand, I do not know it, I shall not say anything.

BORI CE: 13-010-044

पुरोहित उवाच
पुण्याहवाचने नित्यं धर्मकृत्येषु चासकृत्
शान्तिहोमेषु च सदा किं त्वं हससि वीक्ष्य माम्

MN DUTT: 09-010-040

पुरोहित उवाच पुण्याहवाचने नित्यं धर्मकृत्येषु चासकृत्
शान्तिहोमेषु च सदा किं त्वं हससि वीक्ष्य माम्

M. N. Dutt: The priest said Every day, on occasions of receiving benedictions from me, when, again, I am engaged in the performance of religious rites, on your behalf, on occasions also of the Homa and other rites of propitiation, why do you laugh upon seeing me?

BORI CE: 13-010-045

सव्रीडं वै भवति हि मनो मे हसता त्वया
कामया शापितो राजन्नान्यथा वक्तुमर्हसि

MN DUTT: 09-010-041

सव्रीडं वै भवति हि मनो मे हसता त्वया
कामया शापितो राजन् नान्यथा वक्तुमर्हसि

M. N. Dutt: Seeing you laugh at me on all occasions, my mind shrinks with shame, I have made you promise, O king, that you would answer me truly. You should not tell an untruth.

BORI CE: 13-010-046

भाव्यं हि कारणेनात्र न ते हास्यमकारणम्
कौतूहलं मे सुभृशं तत्त्वेन कथयस्व मे

MN DUTT: 09-010-042

सुव्यक्तं कारणं ह्यत्र न ते हास्यमकारणम्
कौतूहलं मे सुभृशं तत्त्वेन कथयस्व मे

M. N. Dutt: There must be some grave reason for your conduct. Your laughter cannot be causeless. I have great curiosity to know the reason. Do you speak truly to me.

BORI CE: 13-010-047

राजोवाच
एवमुक्ते त्वया विप्र यदवाच्यं भवेदपि
अवश्यमेव वक्तव्यं शृणुष्वैकमना द्विज

MN DUTT: 09-010-043

राजोवाच एवमुक्ते त्वया विप्र यदवाच्यं भवेदपि
अवश्यमेव वक्तव्यं शृणुष्वैकमना द्विज

M. N. Dutt: The king said While you have thus accosted me, o twiceborn one, I am bound to enlighten you even if the matter be one that should not be given out to you! I must tell you the truth. Do you listen to me with rapt attention, O twiceborn one.

BORI CE: 13-010-048

पूर्वदेहे यथा वृत्तं तन्निबोध द्विजोत्तम
जातिं स्मराम्यहं ब्रह्मन्नवधानेन मे शृणु

MN DUTT: 09-010-044

पूर्वदेहे यथा वृत्तं तन्निबोध द्विजोत्तमा जाति स्मराम्यहं ब्रह्मन्नवधानेन मे शृणु

M. N. Dutt: Listen, O foremost of twiceborn persons, to me as I give out to you what took place (to us) in our pristine births. I remember that birth. Do you listen to me with concentrated mind.

BORI CE: 13-010-049

शूद्रोऽहमभवं पूर्वं तापसो भृशसंयुतः
ऋषिरुग्रतपास्त्वं च तदाभूर्द्विजसत्तम

MN DUTT: 09-010-045

शूद्रोऽहमभवं पूर्वं तापसो भृशसंयुतः
ऋषिरुग्रतपास्त्वं च तदाभूद् द्विजसत्तम

M. N. Dutt: In my former life I was a Shudra engaged in the practice of severe penances. You, O best of twiceborn persons, were a Rishi of austere penances.

BORI CE: 13-010-050

प्रीयता हि तदा ब्रह्मन्ममानुग्रहबुद्धिना
पितृकार्ये त्वया पूर्वमुपदेशः कृतोऽनघ
बृस्यां दर्भेषु हव्ये च कव्ये च मुनिसत्तम

MN DUTT: 09-010-046

प्रीयता हि तदा ब्रह्मन् ममानुग्रहबुद्धिना
पितृकार्यं त्वया पूर्वमुपदेशः कृतोऽनघ

M. N. Dutt: O sinless one, pleased with me, and moved by the desire of doing me good, you, O Brahmana, were pleased to give me certain instruction about the rites I performed in honour of my departed manes.

Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE

MN DUTT: 09-010-047

बृस्यां दर्भेषु हव्ये च कव्ये च मुनिसत्तम
एतेन कर्मदोषेण पुरोधास्त्वमजायथाः

M. N. Dutt: You instructed me about the manner of spreading the Vrishi and the Kusha blades and of offering libations and meat and other food, O foremost of ascetics. On account of this transgression of yours you are born as a priest.

BORI CE: 13-010-051

एतेन कर्मदोषेण पुरोधास्त्वमजायथाः
अहं राजा च विप्रेन्द्र पश्य कालस्य पर्ययम्
मत्कृते ह्युपदेशेन त्वया प्राप्तमिदं फलम्

MN DUTT: 09-010-048

अहं राजा च विप्रेन्द्र पश्य कालस्य पर्ययम्
मत्कृतस्योपदेशस्य त्वयावाऽऽप्तमिदं फलम्

M. N. Dutt: I have taken birth as a king, O foremost of Brahinanas. See the changes that Time encompasses. You have reaped this fruit on account of your having instructed me.

BORI CE: 13-010-052

एतस्मात्कारणाद्ब्रह्मन्प्रहसे त्वां द्विजोत्तम
न त्वां परिभवन्ब्रह्मन्प्रहसामि गुरुर्भवान्

MN DUTT: 09-010-049

एतस्मात् कारणाद् ब्रह्मन् प्रहसे त्वां द्विजोत्तम
न त्वां परिभवन् ब्रह्मन् प्रहसामि गुरुभवान्

M. N. Dutt: It is for this reason, O Brahmana, that I smile at seeing you, O foremost of twiceborn persons. I do not certainly laugh at you from desire of disregarding you. You are my preceptor.

BORI CE: 13-010-053

विपर्ययेण मे मन्युस्तेन संतप्यते मनः
जातिं स्मराम्यहं तुभ्यमतस्त्वां प्रहसामि वै

MN DUTT: 09-010-050

विपर्ययेण मे मन्युस्तेन संतप्यते मनः
जातिं स्मराम्यहं तुभ्यमतस्त्वां प्रहसामि वै

M. N. Dutt: I am really very sorry at this change of condition. My heart burns at the thought. I remember our former births, hence do I laugh at seeing you.

BORI CE: 13-010-054

एवं तवोग्रं हि तप उपदेशेन नाशितम्
पुरोहितत्वमुत्सृज्य यतस्व त्वं पुनर्भवे

MN DUTT: 09-010-051

एवं तवोग्रं हि तप उपदेशेन नाशितम्
पुरोहितत्वमुत्सृज्य यतस्व त्वं पुनर्भवे

M. N. Dutt: Your austere penances were all destroyed by the instructions you gave me. Removing your present office of priest, do you try to regain a superior birth.

BORI CE: 13-010-055

इतस्त्वमधमामन्यां मा योनिं प्राप्स्यसे द्विज
गृह्यतां द्रविणं विप्र पूतात्मा भव सत्तम

MN DUTT: 09-010-052

इतस्त्वमधमामन्यां मा योनि प्राप्स्यसे द्विजा गृह्यतां द्रविणं विप्र पूतात्मा भव सत्तम

M. N. Dutt: Do you exert so that you may not obtain in your next life a birth meaner than your present one. Take as much riches as you wish, O learned Brahmana, and purify your soul, O best of men.

BORI CE: 13-010-056

भीष्म उवाच
ततो विसृष्टो राज्ञा तु विप्रो दानान्यनेकशः
ब्राह्मणेभ्यो ददौ वित्तं भूमिं ग्रामांश्च सर्वशः

MN DUTT: 09-010-053

भीष्म उवाच ततो विसृष्टो राज्ञा तु विग्रो दानान्यनेकशः
ब्राह्मणेभ्यो ददौ वित्तं भूमि ग्रामांश्च सर्वशः

M. N. Dutt: Bhishma continued Dismissed by the king, the Brahmana made many gifts, to persons of his own order, of riches and land and villages.

BORI CE: 13-010-057

कृच्छ्राणि चीर्त्वा च ततो यथोक्तानि द्विजोत्तमः
तीर्थानि चाभिगत्वा वै दानानि विविधानि च

MN DUTT: 09-010-054

कृच्छ्राणि चीर्वा च ततो यथोक्तानि द्विजोत्तमैः
तीर्थानि चापि गत्वा वै दानानि विविधानि च

M. N. Dutt: He observed many rigid and severe vows as laid down by the foremost of Brahmanas. He sojourned to many sacred waters and made many gifts to Brahmanas in those places.

BORI CE: 13-010-058

दत्त्वा गाश्चैव विप्राणां पूतात्मा सोऽभवद्द्विजः
तमेव चाश्रमं गत्वा चचार विपुलं तपः

MN DUTT: 09-010-055

दत्वा गाश्चैव विप्रेभ्यः पूतात्माऽभवदात्मवान्
तमेव चाश्रमं गत्वा चचार विपुलं तपः

M. N. Dutt: Making gifts of kine to persons of the twiceborn order, his soul became purified and he succeeded in gaining a knowledge of it. Going to that very asylum where he had lived in his former birth, he practised very severe penances.

BORI CE: 13-010-059

ततः सिद्धिं परां प्राप्तो ब्राह्मणो राजसत्तम
संमतश्चाभवत्तेषामाश्रमेऽऽश्रमवासिनाम्

MN DUTT: 09-010-056

ततः सिद्धिं परां प्राप्तो ब्राह्मणो राजसत्तम
सम्मतश्चाभवत् तेषामाश्रमे तन्निवासिनाम्

M. N. Dutt: As the result of all this, O foremost of kings, that Brahmana gained the highest success. He became an object of respect with all the ascetics who lived in that asylum.

BORI CE: 13-010-060

एवं प्राप्तो महत्कृच्छ्रमृषिः स नृपसत्तम
ब्राह्मणेन न वक्तव्यं तस्माद्वर्णावरे जने

MN DUTT: 09-010-057

एवं प्राप्तो महत्कृच्छ्रमृषिः सन्नृपसत्तम
ब्राह्मणेन न वक्तव्यं तस्माद् वर्णावरे जने

M. N. Dutt: In this way, O best of kings, that twice born Rishi fell into great distress. The Brahmana should, therefore, never give instructions to Shudras.

BORI CE: 13-010-061

वर्जयेदुपदेशं च सदैव ब्राह्मणो नृप
उपदेशं हि कुर्वाणो द्विजः कृच्छ्रमवाप्नुयात्

BORI CE: 13-010-062

एषितव्यं सदा वाचा नृपेण द्विजसत्तमात्
न प्रवक्तव्यमिह हि किंचिद्वर्णावरे जने

MN DUTT: 09-010-058

(वर्जयेददुपदेशं च सदैव ब्राह्मणो नृप
उपदेशं हि कुर्वाणो द्विजः कृच्छ्रमवाप्नुयात्
नेषितव्यं सदा वाचा द्विजेन नृपसत्तम
न च प्रव्यक्तव्यमिह किञ्चिद् वर्णावरे जने

M. N. Dutt: Hence, O king, the Brahmana should avoid delivering instructions to such as are lowborn, for it was by giving instructions to a lowborn person a Brahmana came to grief. O best of kings, the Brahmana should never desire to acquire instruction from, or impart instruction to, a person who belongs to the lowest order.

BORI CE: 13-010-063

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्यास्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः
एतेषु कथयन्राजन्ब्राह्मणो न प्रदुष्यति

MN DUTT: 09-010-059

ब्राह्मणा: क्षत्रिया वैश्यास्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः
एतेषु कथयन् राजन् ब्राह्मणो न प्रदुष्यति

M. N. Dutt: Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaishyas, these three orders, are considered as twice born. By delivering instruction to these, a Brahmana does not commit any sin.

BORI CE: 13-010-064

तस्मात्सद्भिर्न वक्तव्यं कस्यचित्किंचिदग्रतः
सूक्ष्मा गतिर्हि धर्मस्य दुर्ज्ञेया ह्यकृतात्मभिः

MN DUTT: 09-010-060

तस्मात् सद्भिर्न वक्तव्यं कस्यचित् किंचिदग्रतः
सूक्ष्मा गतिर्हि धर्मस्य दुर्जेया ह्यकृतात्मभिः

M. N. Dutt: They, therefore, who are good, should never discourse on any subject, for giving any instruction, before persons of the inferior caste. The course of morality is highly subtle and incapable of being understood by persons of uncleansed soul.

BORI CE: 13-010-065

तस्मान्मौनानि मुनयो दीक्षां कुर्वन्ति चादृताः
दुरुक्तस्य भयाद्राजन्नानुभाषन्ति किंचन

MN DUTT: 09-010-061

तस्मान्मौनेन मुनयो दीक्षां कुर्वन्ति चादृताः
दुरुक्तस्य भयाद् नाभाषन्ते च किंचन

M. N. Dutt: It is for this reason that ascetics adopt the vow of silence, and, honoured by all, pass through initiation without speaking a single word, For fear of saying what is incorrect or what may offend, ascetics never utter a single word.

BORI CE: 13-010-066

धार्मिका गुणसंपन्नाः सत्यार्जवपरायणाः
दुरुक्तवाचाभिहताः प्राप्नुवन्तीह दुष्कृतम्

MN DUTT: 09-010-062

धार्मिका गुणसम्पन्नाः सत्यार्जवसमन्विताः
दुरुक्तवाचाभिहितैः प्राप्नुवन्तीह दुष्कृतम्

M. N. Dutt: Even men who are righteous and endued with every accomplishment, and truth and simplicity of conduct, have been known to commit great sin on account of words spoken improperly.

BORI CE: 13-010-067

उपदेशो न कर्तव्यः कदाचिदपि कस्यचित्
उपदेशाद्धि तत्पापं ब्राह्मणः समवाप्नुयात्

MN DUTT: 09-010-063

उपदेशो न कर्तव्यः कदाचिदपि कस्यचित्
उपदेशाद्धि तत् पापं ब्राह्मण: समवाप्नुयात्

M. N. Dutt: Instruction should never be given on anything to any person. If on account of the instructions given, the instructed cominit any sin, that sin attaches to the Brahmana who gave the instruction.

BORI CE: 13-010-068

विमृश्य तस्मात्प्राज्ञेन वक्तव्यं धर्ममिच्छता
सत्यानृतेन हि कृत उपदेशो हिनस्ति वै

MN DUTT: 09-010-064

विमृश्य तस्मात् प्राज्ञेन वक्तव्यं धर्ममिच्छता
सत्यानृतेन हि कृत उपदेशो हिनस्ति हि

M. N. Dutt: The wise man, therefore, who wishes to acquire merit, should always act with wisdom. That instruction which is given in exchange for money always sullies the instructor.

BORI CE: 13-010-069

वक्तव्यमिह पृष्टेन विनिश्चित्य विपर्ययम्
स चोपदेशः कर्तव्यो येन धर्ममवाप्नुयात्

MN DUTT: 09-010-065

वक्तव्यमिह पृष्टेन विनिश्चित्य विनिश्चयम्
स चोपदेशः कर्तव्यो येन धर्ममवाप्नुयात्

M. N. Dutt: Requested by others, one should say only what is correct after determining it with the help of reflection. One should give instruction in such a way that one may, by giving it, acquire merit.

BORI CE: 13-010-070

एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातमुपदेशे कृते सति
महान्क्लेशो हि भवति तस्मान्नोपदिशेत्क्वचित्

MN DUTT: 09-010-066

एतत् ते सर्वमाख्यातमुपदेशकृते मया
महान् केशो हि भवति तस्मान्नोपदिशेदिह

M. N. Dutt: I have thus told you everything about instructions very often persons become plunged into great afflictions on account of giving instruction. Hence it is proper that one should abstain from giving instruction to others.

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