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Book 03 – Chapter 203
BORI CE: 03-203-001 मार्कण्डेय उवाच |
MN DUTT: 02-212-001 मार्कण्डेय उवाच एवं तु सूक्ष्मे कथिते धर्मव्याधेन भारत |
M. N. Dutt: Markandeya said : O descendant of Bharata, when the fowler expounded these abstruse points, the Brahmana with great attention asked about other subtle points. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-002 ब्राह्मण उवाच |
MN DUTT: 02-212-002 ब्राह्मण उवाच सत्त्वस्य रजसश्चैव तमसश्च यथातथम् |
M. N. Dutt: The Brahmana said: Truly describe to me who duly now ask you tne respective virtues of the three qualities, namely Sattva, Raja and Tama. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-003 व्याध उवाच |
MN DUTT: 02-212-003 व्याध उवाच हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि यन्मां त्वं परिपृच्छसि |
M. N. Dutt: I shall tell you what you ask me. I shall separately describe to you their respective virtues. Listen to them. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-004 मोहात्मकं तमस्तेषां रज एषां प्रवर्तकम् |
MN DUTT: 02-212-004 मोहात्मकं तमस्तेषां रज एषां प्रवर्तकम् |
M. N. Dutt: Tama is characterised by illusion, Raja incites men to action, Sattva is of great splendour and therefore it is called the greatest of them all. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-005 अविद्याबहुलो मूढः स्वप्नशीलो विचेतनः |
MN DUTT: 02-212-005 अविद्याबहुलो मूढः स्वप्नशीलो विचेतनः |
M. N. Dutt: He who is greatly under the influence of spiritual ignorance, who is foolish, senseless and given to (day) dreaming, who is idle, unenergetic, full of anger and haughtiness, is said to be under the influence of Tama. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-006 प्रवृत्तवाक्यो मन्त्री च योऽनुराग्यभ्यसूयकः |
MN DUTT: 02-212-006 प्रवृत्तवाक्यो मन्त्री च यो नरावयोऽनसूयकः |
M. N. Dutt: O Brahmana Rishi, that excellent man who is agreeable in speech, thoughtful, free from envy, industrious in action from an eager desire to reap its fruits and of warm temperament, is said to be under the influence of Raja. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-007 प्रकाशबहुलो धीरो निर्विवित्सोऽनसूयकः |
MN DUTT: 02-212-007 प्रकाशबहुलो धीरो निर्विधित्सोऽनसूयकः |
M. N. Dutt: He who is resolute, patient, not subject to anger, free from malice and is not skillful in action from want of a selfish desire to reap its fruits and who is wise and forbearing, is said to be under the influence of Sattva. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-008 सात्त्विकस्त्वथ संबुद्धो लोकवृत्तेन क्लिश्यते BORI CE: 03-203-009 वैराग्यस्य हि रूपं तु पूर्वमेव प्रवर्तते BORI CE: 03-203-010 ततोऽस्य सर्वद्वंद्वानि प्रशाम्यन्ति परस्परम् |
MN DUTT: 02-212-008 सात्त्विकस्त्वथ सम्बुद्धो लोकवृत्तेन क्लिश्यते |
M. N. Dutt: When a man endued with Sattva quality is influenced by worldliness he suffers misery but he hates worldliness when he realises its full significance. Then a feeling of indifference to worldly affairs begins to influence him. And then his pride decreases and uprightness becomes more prominent. His conflicting moral sentiments are reconciled and then selfrestraint in any matter (for him) becomes unnecessary. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-011 शूद्रयोनौ हि जातस्य सद्गुणानुपतिष्ठतः BORI CE: 03-203-012 आर्जवे वर्तमानस्य ब्राह्मण्यमभिजायते |
MN DUTT: 02-212-009 शूद्रयोनौ हि जातस्य सहगुणानुपतिष्ठतः |
M. N. Dutt: O Brahmana, a man may be born as a Shudra but if he is endued with good qualities, he may attain to the state of a Vaishya. Similarly that of a Kshatriya and if he is steadfast in rectitude he may even become a Brahmana. I have described to you all these virtues, what else do you wish to learn. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-013 ब्राह्मण उवाच |
MN DUTT: 02-213-001 ब्राह्मण उवाच पार्थिव धातुमासाद्य शारीरोऽग्निः कथं भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: The Brahmana said: How is it that the (vital) fire in combination with the earthly elements (matter) becomes the corporeal (living creatures)? And how does the (vital) air (the breath) according to the nature of its seat excites to action (the corporeal living creatures)? |
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BORI CE: 03-203-014 मार्कण्डेय उवाच |
MN DUTT: 02-213-002 मार्कण्डेय उवाच प्रश्नमेतं समुद्दिष्टं ब्राह्मणेन युधिष्ठिर |
M. N. Dutt: Markandeya said : O Yudhishthira, this question being put to the fowler by the Brahmana, the fowler thus replied to that high-souled Brahmana. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-015 व्याध उवाच |
MN DUTT: 02-213-003 व्याध उवाच मूर्धानमाश्रितो वह्निः शरीरं परिपालयन् |
M. N. Dutt: The Fowler said: The vital spirit manifesting itself it seat the consciousness causes the action of the corporeal frame. The soul being present in both of these acts. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 02-213-004 भूतं भव्यं भविष्यं च सर्वं प्राणे प्रतिष्ठितम् |
M. N. Dutt: The past, the present and the future are inseparably associated with the soul. It is the highest of the possessions of all creatures. It is the essence of Supreme Spirit and we adore it. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-016 श्रेष्ठं तदेव भूतानां ब्रह्मज्योतिरुपास्महे |
MN DUTT: 02-213-005 स जन्तुः सर्वभूतात्मा पुरुषः स सनातनः |
M. N. Dutt: It is the animating principle of all creatures, it is the eternal Purusha. It is great, it is the intelligence and it is the Ego, it is the seat of all elements. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-017 एवं त्विह स सर्वत्र प्राणेन परिपाल्यते |
MN DUTT: 02-213-006 एवं त्विह स सर्वत्र प्राणेन परिपाल्यते |
M. N. Dutt: Thus while seated here (in the corporeal form), it is sustained in all its external or internal relations by the subtle eternal air called Prana and afterwards each creature goes its own way by the action of another subtle air called Samana. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-018 बस्तिमूले गुदे चैव पावकः समुपाश्रितः |
MN DUTT: 02-213-007 बस्तिमूलं गुदं चैव पावकं समुपाश्रितः |
M. N. Dutt: This (Samana) transforming itself to Apana air and supported by the head of the stomach carries the refuge matter of the body, such as urine to the kidneys and intestines. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-019 प्रयत्ने कर्मणि बले य एकस्त्रिषु वर्तते |
MN DUTT: 02-213-008 प्रयत्ने कर्मणि बले स एष त्रिषु वर्तते |
M. N. Dutt: It is present in the three elements of actions, exertion and power and then in that state is called Udana by men learned in the physical science. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-020 संधौ संधौ संनिविष्टः सर्वेष्वपि तथानिलः |
MN DUTT: 02-213-009 संधौ संधौ संनिविष्टः सर्वेष्वपि तथानिलः |
M. N. Dutt: When it manifests itself by its presence at all the junction points of the system, it is known by the name of Vyana. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-021 धातुष्वग्निस्तु विततः स तु वायुसमीरितः |
MN DUTT: 02-213-010 धातुष्वग्निस्तु विततः स तु वायुसमीरितः |
M. N. Dutt: The internal heat is diffused over all the tissues of our system and supported by these kinds of air, it transforms our food and the tissues and the humours of our system. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-022 प्राणानां संनिपातात्तु संनिपातः प्रजायते |
MN DUTT: 02-213-011 प्राणानां संनिपातात् तु संनिपातः प्रजायते |
M. N. Dutt: By the coalition of Prana and other airs, a reaction ensues and the heat generated thereby is known as the internal heat of the human system which causes digestion of food. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-023 अपानोदानयोर्मध्ये प्राणव्यानौ समाहितौ |
MN DUTT: 02-213-012 समानोदानयोर्मध्ये प्राणापानौ समाहितौ |
M. N. Dutt: The Prana and the Apana airs are interposed within the Samana and the Udana airs. The heat generated by their coalition causes the growth of the body. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-024 तस्यापि पायुपर्यन्तस्तथा स्याद्गुदसंज्ञितः BORI CE: 03-203-025 अग्निवेगवहः प्राणो गुदान्ते प्रतिहन्यते BORI CE: 03-203-026 पक्वाशयस्त्वधो नाभ्या ऊर्ध्वमामाशयः स्थितः |
MN DUTT: 02-213-013 अस्यापि पायुपयन्तस्तथा स्याद् गुदसंज्ञितः |
M. N. Dutt: That portion of its seat extending to as far as the rectum, is called Apana and from that, arteries arise in the five airs Prana. Prana acted on by the heat, strikes against the extremity of Apana region and then recoiling, it reacts on the heat. Above the navel is the region of undigest food and below it, the region of digestion. Prana and all other airs of the system are seated in the navel. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-027 प्रवृत्ता हृदयात्सर्वास्तिर्यगूर्ध्वमधस्तथा |
MN DUTT: 02-213-014 प्रवृत्ता हृदयात् सर्वे तिर्यगूर्ध्वमधस्तथा |
M. N. Dutt: The arteries issuing from the heart run upwards and downwards and also in oblique directions, they carry the best essence of our food and are acted upon by the ten Prana airs. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-028 योगिनामेष मार्गस्तु येन गच्छन्ति तत्परम् |
MN DUTT: 02-213-015 योगिनामेष मार्गस्तु येन गच्छन्ति तत् परम् |
M. N. Dutt: This is the way, by which go to the highest state, the Yogis who have overcome all difficulties who are patient and self-controlled and who have their souls seated in their brains. The Prana and Apana are thus present in all creatures. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-029 एकादशविकारात्मा कलासंभारसंभृतः BORI CE: 03-203-030 तस्मिन्यः संस्थितो ह्यग्निर्नित्यं स्थाल्यामिवाहितः BORI CE: 03-203-031 देवो यः संस्थितस्तस्मिन्नब्बिन्दुरिव पुष्करे BORI CE: 03-203-032 जीवात्मकानि जानीहि रजः सत्त्वं तमस्तथा |
MN DUTT: 02-213-016 एकादशविकारात्मा कलासम्भारसम्भृतः |
M. N. Dutt: Know that the soul is embodied in the corporeal disguise, in the eleven alloteopus conditions (of the animal system) and that though eternal, its normal state is apparently modified by its accompaniments even like the fire purified in its pan, eternal yet with its course altered by its surroundings; and that the divine thing which is kindred with the body is related to the latter in the same way as a drop of water to sleek surface of a lotus leaf on which it rolls; know that Sattva Raja and Tama are the attributes of all life. Life is the attribute of spirit and spirit again is the attribute of the Supreme Soul. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-033 सचेतनं जीवगुणं वदन्ति; स चेष्टते चेष्टयते च सर्वम् |
MN DUTT: 02-213-017 अचेतनं जीवगुणं वदन्ति स चेष्टते चेष्टयते च सर्वम् |
M. N. Dutt: Inert and insensible matter is the seat of the living principle which is active in itself and induces activity in others. That by which the seven worlds are incited to action is called the most high by men of high spiritual insight. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-034 एवं सर्वेषु भूतेषु भूतात्मा न प्रकाशते |
MN DUTT: 02-213-018 एवं सर्वेषु भूतेषु भूतात्मा सम्प्रकाशते |
M. N. Dutt: Thus in all these elements the eternal spirit does not show itself, but is perceived by the learned in spiritual science by reason of their high and keen perception. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-035 चित्तस्य हि प्रसादेन हन्ति कर्म शुभाशुभम् |
MN DUTT: 02-213-019 चित्तस्य हि प्रसादेन हन्ति कर्म शुभाशुभम् |
M. N. Dutt: A pure-minded man, by purifying his heart, is able to destroy the good and evil effects of his actions and obtains eternal bliss by the enlightenment of his inner spirit. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-036 लक्षणं तु प्रसादस्य यथा तृप्तः सुखं स्वपेत् |
MN DUTT: 02-213-020 लक्षणं तु प्रसादस्य यथा तृप्तः सुखं स्वपेत् |
M. N. Dutt: This state of peace and purification of heart is likened to the state of a person who, in a cheerful state of mind, sleeps soundly or to the brilliance of a lamp trimmed by a skillful hand. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-037 पूर्वरात्रे परे चैव युञ्जानः सततं मनः BORI CE: 03-203-038 प्रदीप्तेनेव दीपेन मनोदीपेन पश्यति |
MN DUTT: 02-213-021 पूर्वरात्रे परे चैव युञ्जानः सततं मनः |
M. N. Dutt: Such a pure-minded man living on frugal diet perceives the supreme spirit reflected in his own mind and by practising concentration of mind in the evening and early in the morning sees the Supreme Spirit which has no attributes, in the light of his heart, shining like a dazzling lamp and thus he obtains salvation. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-039 सर्वोपायैस्तु लोभस्य क्रोधस्य च विनिग्रहः |
MN DUTT: 02-213-022 सर्वोपायैस्तु लोभस्य क्रोधस्य च विनिग्रहः एतत् पवित्रं लोकानां तपो वै संक्रमो मतः |
M. N. Dutt: Avarice and anger must be subdued by all means, for this constitutes the most sacred virtue that people can practice. It is considered to be the means by which men cross over to the other side of this sea of misery and pair. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-040 नित्यं क्रोधात्तपो रक्षेच्छ्रियं रक्षेत मत्सरात् |
MN DUTT: 02-213-023 नित्यं क्रोधात् तपो रक्षेद् धर्म रक्षेच्च मत्सरात् |
M. N. Dutt: A man must preserve his virtue, being overcome by anger, his righteousness by pride, his learning by vanity and his soul by illusion. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-041 आनृशंस्यं परो धर्मः क्षमा च परमं बलम् |
MN DUTT: 02-213-024 आनृशंस्यं परो धर्मः क्षमा च परम बलम् |
M. N. Dutt: Leniency is the best of virtues and forbearance is the best of the powers; the knowledge of the spirit is the best of all knowledge and truthfulness is the best of religious vows. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-042 सत्यस्य वचनं श्रेयः सत्यं ज्ञानं हितं भवेत् |
MN DUTT: 02-213-025 सत्यस्य वचनं श्रेयः सत्यं ज्ञानं हितं भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: To tell the truth is good and the knowledge of truth also is good, but what conduces to the greatest good of all creatures is known as the highest truth. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-043 यस्य सर्वे समारम्भाः निराशीर्बन्धनाः सदा |
MN DUTT: 02-213-026 यस्य सर्वे समारम्भा निराशीर्बन्धनाः सदा |
M. N. Dutt: He whose actions are performed not with the object of securing any reward or blessing, who has sacrificed all to the requirements of his renunciation is a real Sanyasi and is really wise. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-044 यतो न गुरुरप्येनं च्यावयेदुपपादयन् |
MN DUTT: 02-213-027 यतो न गुरुरप्येनं श्रावयेदुपपादयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: Communion with Brahma cannot be taught to us even by our spiritual preceptor; he can only give us a clue to the mystery; renunciation of things of the material world is called Yoga. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-045 न हिंस्यात्सर्वभूतानि मैत्रायणगतश्चरेत् |
MN DUTT: 02-213-028 न हिंस्यात् सर्वभूतानि मैत्रायगणतश्चरेत् |
M. N. Dutt: We must not do harm to any creature and must live in amity with all. In this our present existence we must not avenge ourselves on any creature. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-046 आकिंचन्यं सुसंतोषो निराशित्वमचापलम् |
MN DUTT: 02-213-029 आकिञ्चन्यं सुसंतोषो निराशित्वमचापलम् |
M. N. Dutt: Self-abnegation, peace of mind, renunciation of hope and equanimity, these are the ways by which spiritual enlightenment can always be secured. The knowledge of self is the best of all knowledge. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-047 परिग्रहं परित्यज्य भव बुद्ध्या यतव्रतः |
MN DUTT: 02-213-030 परिग्रहं परित्यज्य भवेद् बुद्ध्या यतव्रतः |
M. N. Dutt: It this world as well as in the next, renouncing all worldly desires and assuming a stolid indifference, in which all suffering is at rest, people should fulfill their religious duties with the aid of their intelligence. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-048 तपोनित्येन दान्तेन मुनिना संयतात्मना |
MN DUTT: 02-213-031 तपोनित्येन दान्तेन मुनिना संयतात्मना |
M. N. Dutt: The Rishi who desires to obtain salvation which is very difficult to obtain, must always perform austerities, must be forbearing, selfcontrolled and must give up that longing fondness which binds him to the things of the earth. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-049 गुणागुणमनासङ्गमेककार्यमनन्तरम् BORI CE: 03-203-050 परित्यजति यो दुःखं सुखं चाप्युभयं नरः |
MN DUTT: 02-213-032 गुणागुणमनासङ्गमेककार्यमनन्तरम् |
M. N. Dutt: The attributes that are perceptible in us become non-attributes in Him. He is not bound by anything. He is perceptible only by the expansion and development of our spiritual vision. As soon as the illusion of ignorance is dispelled, this supreme and unalloyed bliss is obtained. By foregoing the objects of both pleasure and pain and by renouncing the feeling which binds him to the things of the earth, one attains to Brahma. |
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BORI CE: 03-203-051 यथाश्रुतमिदं सर्वं समासेन द्विजोत्तम |
MN DUTT: 02-213-033 यथाश्रुतमिदं सर्वं समासेन द्विजोत्तम |
M. N. Dutt: O excellent Brahmana, I have told you in brief all that I have heard. What else do you desire to hear. |
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