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Book 12 – Chapter 057
BORI CE: 12-057-001 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-057-001 भीष्म उवाच नित्योद्युक्तेन वै राज्ञा भवितव्यं युधिष्ठिर |
M. N. Dutt: 'The king, O Yudhishthira, should always address himself for action. That king does not deserve praise who, like a woman, is destitute of exertion. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-002 भगवानुशना चाह श्लोकमत्र विशां पते |
MN DUTT: 07-057-002 भगवानुशना चाह श्लोकमत्र विशाम्पते |
M. N. Dutt: On this subject, the holy Ushanas has recited a Sloka, o king, Listen to it with attention, O king, as I recite it to you. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-003 द्वावेतौ ग्रसते भूमिः सर्पो बिलशयानिव |
MN DUTT: 07-057-003 द्वाविमौ ग्रसते भूमिः सर्पो बिलशयानिव |
M. N. Dutt: Like a snake swallowing up mice, the Earth swallows up those two, viz., the king who does not like to fight and the Brahmana who is exceedingly found of his wives and children. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-004 तदेतन्नरशार्दूल हृदि त्वं कर्तुमर्हसि |
MN DUTT: 07-057-004 तदेतत्ररशार्दूल हृदि त्वं कर्तुमर्हसि |
M. N. Dutt: You should, O foremost of kings, always remember it. Make peace with those enemies with whom peace should be made, and fight with them with whom war should be waged. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-005 सप्ताङ्गे यश्च ते राज्ये वैपरीत्यं समाचरेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-057-005 सप्ताङ्गस्य च राज्यस्य विपरीतं य आचरेत् |
M. N. Dutt: He, who acts inimically towards your kingdom consisting of seven limbs, should be killed, may he be your preceptor or friend. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-006 मरुत्तेन हि राज्ञायं गीतः श्लोकः पुरातनः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-006 मरुत्तेन हि राज्ञा वै गीत: श्लोकः पुरातनः |
M. N. Dutt: There is an ancient Sloka recited by king Marutta, quite of a piece with Brihaspati's view, O king, about the duty of kings. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-007 गुरोरप्यवलिप्तस्य कार्याकार्यमजानतः BORI CE: 12-057-008 बाहोः पुत्रेण राज्ञा च सगरेणेह धीमता |
MN DUTT: 07-057-007 गुरोरप्यवलिप्तस्य कार्याकार्यमजानतः |
M. N. Dutt: According to the scriptural injunction, there is punishment for even the preceptor if he becomes haughty and disregardful of his duty, and if he transgresses all restrictions. Vahu's son, the highly intelligent king Sagara, from desire of doing good to the citizens, banished his own eldest son Asamanjas. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-009 असमञ्जाः सरय्वां प्राक्पौराणां बालकान्नृप |
MN DUTT: 07-057-008 असमंजाः सरय्वां स पौराणां बालकान् नृप |
M. N. Dutt: Asamanjas, O king, used to drown the children of the citizens in the Sarayu. His father, therefore, remonstrated with and exiled him. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-010 ऋषिणोद्दालकेनापि श्वेतकेतुर्महातपाः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-009 ऋषिणोद्दालकेनापि श्वेतकेतुर्महातपाः |
M. N. Dutt: The Rishi Uddalaka renounced his favourite son Svetaketu of rigid penances, because the latter used to invite Brahmanas with false promises of entertainment. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-011 लोकरञ्जनमेवात्र राज्ञां धर्मः सनातनः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-010 लोकरञ्जनमेवात्र राज्ञां धर्मः सनातनः |
M. N. Dutt: To make their subjects happy, to observe truth and to act sincerely are the eternal duties of kings. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-012 न हिंस्यात्परवित्तानि देयं काले च दापयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-057-011 न हिंस्यात् परवित्तानि देयं काले च दापयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: The king should not hanker after the wealth of others. He should in time give what should be given. If the king be comes endued with prowess, truthful in speech, and forgiving in temper, he would never be shorn of prosperity. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-013 गुप्तमन्त्रो जितक्रोधो शास्त्रार्थगतनिश्चयः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-012 आत्मवांश्च जितक्रोधः शास्त्रार्थकृतनिश्चयः |
M. N. Dutt: With soul purged off sins the king should be able to govern his anger and all his conclusions should be according to the scriptures. He should also always follow morality, worldly profit, pleasure and emancipation. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-014 त्रय्या संवृतरन्ध्रश्च राजा भवितुमर्हति |
MN DUTT: 07-057-013 त्रय्यां संवृतमन्त्रश्च राजा भवितुमर्हति |
M. N. Dutt: The king should always keep his counsels close regarding these three. No greater misfortune can betake the king than the giving out of his counsels. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-015 चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्माश्च रक्षितव्या महीक्षिता |
MN DUTT: 07-057-014 चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्माश्च रक्षितव्या महीक्षिता |
M. N. Dutt: Kings should protect the four castes in the discharge of their duties. it is the eternal duty of kings not to allow the confusion of duties of the different orders. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-016 न विश्वसेच्च नृपतिर्न चात्यर्थं न विश्वसेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-057-015 न विश्वसेच्च नृपतिर्न चात्यर्थं च विश्वसेत् |
M. N. Dutt: The king should not confide (in others than his own servants), nor should he place too much confidence (in even his servants). He should, by own intelligence, find out the merits and short-comings of the six principal works of sovereignty. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-017 द्विट्छिद्रदर्शी नृपतिर्नित्यमेव प्रशस्यते |
MN DUTT: 07-057-016 द्विछिद्रदर्शी नृपतिर्नित्यमेव प्रशस्यते |
M. N. Dutt: The king who marks the short-comings of his enemies and cleverly follows morality, profit, and pleasure, who engages intelligent spies for determining secrets and tries to win over the officers of his enemies by presents of wealth is indeed praise-worthy. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-018 कोशस्योपार्जनरतिर्यमवैश्रवणोपमः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-017 कोशस्योपार्जनरतिर्यमवैश्रवणोपमः |
M. N. Dutt: The king should administer justice like the Regent of Death and amass riches like the god of wealth. He should also mark the merits and short-comings of his on acquisitions and losses and of his own territories. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-019 अभृतानां भवेद्भर्ता भृतानां चान्ववेक्षकः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-018 अभृतानां भवेद् भर्ता भृतानामन्ववेक्षकः |
M. N. Dutt: He should feed those who have not been fed, and enquire of those who have been fed. Always sweet-speeched he should spcak with a smiling face. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-020 उपासिता च वृद्धानां जिततन्द्रीरलोलुपः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-019 उपासिता च वृद्धानां जिततन्द्रिरलोलुपः |
M. N. Dutt: He should always wait upon his elders and put down procrastination. He should never covet others' properties. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-021 न चाददीत वित्तानि सतां हस्तात्कदाचन |
MN DUTT: 07-057-020 न चाददीत वित्तानि सतां हस्तात् कदाचन |
M. N. Dutt: He should strictly follow the conduct of the righteous. He should never take money from the righteous. Taking the wealth of those who are not righteous he should give it to them who are righteous. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-022 स्वयं प्रहर्तादाता च वश्यात्मा वश्यसाधनः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-021 स्वयं प्रहर्ता दाता च वश्यात्मा रम्यसाधनः |
M. N. Dutt: The king should himself be clever in smitting. He should be liberal. He should have his mind under control. He should dress himself gorgeously. He should make presents in proper time and be regular in his meals. He should also be of good conduct. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-023 शूरान्भक्तानसंहार्यान्कुले जातानरोगिणः BORI CE: 12-057-024 विद्याविदो लोकविदः परलोकान्ववेक्षकान् BORI CE: 12-057-025 सहायान्सततं कुर्याद्राजा भूतिपुरस्कृतः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-022 शूरान् भक्तानसंहार्यान् कुले जातानरोगिणः |
M. N. Dutt: The king who seeks to acquire prosperity should always engage the services of men who are brave, devoted, and incapable of being imposed on by enemies well-born, healthy, well-behaved, and connected with wellbehaved and respectable families, families, never inclined to insult others, well read in all the sciences, possessing a knowledge of the worldly affairs, never unmindful of future life, always observant of their duties, honest, and firm like mountains. The objects of enjoyments should be the same with him and them. The only difference should be in his umbrella and his power of passing orders. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-026 प्रत्यक्षा च परोक्षा च वृत्तिश्चास्य भवेत्सदा |
MN DUTT: 07-057-023 प्रत्यक्षा च परोक्षा च वृत्तिश्चास्य भवेत् समा |
M. N. Dutt: He should always treat them equally before or behind. The king, who behaves in this way, is never overtaken by calamity. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-027 सर्वातिशङ्की नृपतिर्यश्च सर्वहरो भवेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-057-024 सर्वाभिशङ्की नृपतिर्यश्च सर्वहरो भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: That crooked and covetous king, who suspect ever body and who imposes heavy taxes on his subjects, is soon killed by his own servants and relatives. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-028 शुचिस्तु पृथिवीपालो लोकचित्तग्रहे रतः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-025 शुचिस्तु पृथिवीपालो लोकचित्तग्रहे रतः |
M. N. Dutt: That king, however, who is righteous and who is ever engaged in attracting the hearts of his people, is never ruined when attacked by foes. If defeated, he soon regains his position. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-029 अक्रोधनोऽथाव्यसनी मृदुदण्डो जितेन्द्रियः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-026 अक्रोधनो ह्यव्यसनी मृदुदण्डो जितेन्द्रियः |
M. N. Dutt: If the king is not angry by nature, if he is not addicted to evil habits and not severe in his punishment, if he succeeds in keeping his passions under restraint he becomes an object of confidence to all like the Himavat mountains. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-030 प्राज्ञो न्यायगुणोपेतः पररन्ध्रेषु तत्परः BORI CE: 12-057-031 क्षिप्रकारी जितक्रोधः सुप्रसादो महामनाः BORI CE: 12-057-032 आरब्धान्येव कार्याणि न पर्यवसितानि च |
MN DUTT: 07-057-027 प्राज्ञस्त्यागगुणोपेतः पररन्ध्रेषु तत्परः |
M. N. Dutt: He is the best of kings who is wise, who is liberal, who is ready to take advantage of the short-comings of foes, who has an agreeable countenance, who is conversant with what is good and what is bad for each of the four orders of his subjects, who is prompt in action, who has anger under control, who is not vindictive, who is high-minded, who is angry by nature, who performs sacrifices and other religious acts, who does not brag and who vigorously brings to close all works by him. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-033 पुत्रा इव पितुर्गेहे विषये यस्य मानवाः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-028 पुत्रा इव पितुर्गेहे विषये यस्य मानवाः |
M. N. Dutt: He is best of kings in whose kingdom men live fearlessly like sons in the house of their father. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-034 अगूढविभवा यस्य पौरा राष्ट्रनिवासिनः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-029 अगूढविभवा यस्य पौरा राष्ट्रनिवासिनः |
M. N. Dutt: He is the best of kings whose subjects have not to hide their wealth and know what is good and what is bad for them. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-035 स्वकर्मनिरता यस्य जना विषयवासिनः BORI CE: 12-057-036 वश्या नेया विनीताश्च न च संघर्षशीलिनः BORI CE: 12-057-037 न यस्य कूटकपटं न माया न च मत्सरः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-030 स्वकर्मनिरता यस्य जना विषयवासिनः |
M. N. Dutt: He, indeed, is a king whose subjects follow their respective duties and do not fear to renounce their bodies for duty's call; whose subjects protected properly, are all of peaceful conduct, obedient, docile, governable, reluctant to dispute and liberal. That king carns eternal merit in whose kingdom kingdom there is wickedness, dissimulation, deception and envy. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-038 यः सत्करोति ज्ञानानि नेयः पौरहिते रतः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-031 यः सत्करोति ज्ञानानि ज्ञेये परहिते रतः |
M. N. Dutt: That king truly deserves to govern who honours knowledge, who is devoted to the no scriptures and the good of his people, who wends the path of the righteous, and who is liberal. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-039 यस्य चारश्च मन्त्रश्च नित्यं चैव कृताकृते |
MN DUTT: 07-057-032 यस्य चाराश्च मन्त्राश्च नित्यं चैव कृताकृताः |
M. N. Dutt: That king deserves to rule whose counsels and acts done and undone remain close to his enemies. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-040 श्लोकश्चायं पुरा गीतो भार्गवेण महात्मना |
MN DUTT: 07-057-033 श्लोकश्चायं पुरा गीतो भार्गवेण महात्मना |
M. N. Dutt: The following verse was recited in days of yore by Ushanas of Bhrigu's race, in the narrative called Ramacharita, on the subject, O Bharata, of royal duties. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-041 राजानं प्रथमं विन्देत्ततो भार्यां ततो धनम् |
MN DUTT: 07-057-034 राजानं प्रथम विन्देत् ततो भार्यां ततो धनम् |
M. N. Dutt: One should first select a king. Then should he select a wife, and then acquire wealth. If there be no king, what would become of his wife and properties? |
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BORI CE: 12-057-042 तद्राजन्राजसिंहानां नान्यो धर्मः सनातनः |
MN DUTT: 07-057-035 तद्राज्ये राज्यकामानां नान्यो धर्मः सनातनः |
M. N. Dutt: About those who seek kingdom, there is no other eternal duty than the protection of subjects). The protection the king grants of his subjects maintains the world. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-043 प्राचेतसेन मनुना श्लोकौ चेमावुदाहृतौ |
MN DUTT: 07-057-036 प्राचेतसेन मनुना श्लोकौ चेमावुदाहृतौ |
M. N. Dutt: Manu, the son of Prachetas, recited these two verses regarding the duties of kings. Listen to them with attention. |
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BORI CE: 12-057-044 षडेतान्पुरुषो जह्याद्भिन्नां नावमिवार्णवे BORI CE: 12-057-045 अरक्षितारं राजानं भार्यां चाप्रियवादिनीम् |
MN DUTT: 07-057-037 षडेतान् पुरुषो जह्याद् भिन्नां नावमिवार्णवे |
M. N. Dutt: These six persons should be shunned like a leaky boat on the sea, viz., a preceptor who does not speak, a priest who has not studied the scriptures, a king who does not give protection, herd who likes to rove within the village and a barber who wishes to go to the forest. |
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