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Book 12 – Chapter 081
BORI CE: 12-081-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-080-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच यदप्यल्पतरं कर्म तदप्येकेन दुष्करम् |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said Even the most insignificant act, O grandfather, cannot be accomplished by any man without co-operation. What then need be said of the king (who has to govern a kingdom)? |
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BORI CE: 12-081-002 किंशीलः किंसमाचारो राज्ञोऽर्थसचिवो भवेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-080-002 किंशील: किंसमाचारो राज्ञोऽथ सचिवो भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: How should the king's minister act and behave? Upon whom should the king place confidence, and upon whom he should not? |
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BORI CE: 12-081-003 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-080-003 भीष्म उवाच चतुर्विधानि मित्राणि राज्ञां राजन् भवन्त्युत |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said Kings, O monarch, have four sorts of friends. They are-one who has the same object, one who is devoted, one who is related by birth, and one who has been won over (by gifts and kindness). |
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BORI CE: 12-081-004 धर्मात्मा पञ्चमं मित्रं स तु नैकस्य न द्वयोः |
MN DUTT: 07-080-004 धर्मात्मा पञ्चमश्चापि मित्रं नैकस्य न द्वयोः यतो धर्मस्ततो वा स्याद् धर्मस्थो वा ततो भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: A righteous person, who would serve one and not both sides, is the fifth of the king's friends. Such a person follow that side on which righteousness is, and accordingly acts righteously. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-005 यस्तस्यार्थो न रोचेत न तं तस्य प्रकाशयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-080-005 यस्तस्यार्थो न रोचेत न तं तस्य प्रकाशयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: Regarding such a person, the king should never disclose such purpose of his as would not find his sympathy, Kings who wish to attain success are compelled to adopt both kinds of roads, fair and unfair. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-006 चतुर्णां मध्यमौ श्रेष्ठौ नित्यं शङ्क्यौ तथापरौ |
MN DUTT: 07-080-006 चतुर्णां मध्यमौ श्रेष्ठौ नित्यं शङ्कयौ तथापरौ |
M. N. Dutt: Of the four kinds of friends, the second and the third are superior, while the first and the fourth should always be looked upon with suspicion. Regarding those acts, however, which the king should do personally, he should always look with suspicion on all the four. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-007 न हि राज्ञा प्रमादो वै कर्तव्यो मित्ररक्षणे |
MN DUTT: 07-080-007 न हि राज्ञा प्रमादो वै कर्तव्यो मित्ररक्षणे |
M. N. Dutt: The king should never act carelessly in watching his friends. A king who is careless is always overpowered by others. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-008 असाधुः साधुतामेति साधुर्भवति दारुणः |
MN DUTT: 07-080-008 असाधुः साधुतामेति साधुर्भवति दारुणः |
M. N. Dutt: A wicked man puts on the appearance of honesty, and he who is honest becomes otherwise. An enemy may become a friend, and a friend may become an enemy. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-009 अनित्यचित्तः पुरुषस्तस्मिन्को जातु विश्वसेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-080-009 अनित्यचित्तः पुरुषस्तस्मिन् को जातु विश्वसेत् |
M. N. Dutt: A man cannot always be of the same mind. Who is there that would trust him implicitly? All the principal works, therefore, a king should perform in his own presence. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-010 एकान्तेन हि विश्वासः कृत्स्नो धर्मार्थनाशकः |
MN DUTT: 07-080-010 एकान्तेन हि विश्वासः कृत्स्नो धर्मार्थनाशकः |
M. N. Dutt: An absolute confidence (in his ministers) destroys both morality and profit. A want of confidence again in all worse is than death. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-011 अकालमृत्युर्विश्वासो विश्वसन्हि विपद्यते |
MN DUTT: 07-080-011 अकालमृत्युर्विश्वासो विश्वसन् हि विपद्यते |
M. N. Dutt: Over-confidence is premature death. One incurs danger by over-confidence, If one trusts another completely, he is said to live by the favour of the trusted person. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-012 तस्माद्विश्वसितव्यं च शङ्कितव्यं च केषुचित् |
MN DUTT: 07-080-012 तस्माद् विश्वसितव्यं च शङ्कितव्यं च केषुचित् |
M. N. Dutt: Therefore every one should be trusted as also mistrusted. This rule of policy, O sire, should always be kept in view. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-013 यं मन्येत ममाभावादिममर्थागमः स्पृशेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-080-013 यं मन्येत ममाभावादिममर्थागमं स्पृशेत् |
M. N. Dutt: One should always mistrust that person who would upon one's death, obtain one's wealth. The wise men describe such a person to be one's enemy. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-014 यस्य क्षेत्रादप्युदकं क्षेत्रमन्यस्य गच्छति |
MN DUTT: 07-080-014 यस्य क्षेत्रादप्युदकं क्षेत्रमन्यस्य गच्छति |
M. N. Dutt: From the field of any person the water enters into the other's field, the ridge should not be brocken without owner's wish. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-015 तथैवात्युदकाद्भीतस्तस्य भेदनमिच्छति |
MN DUTT: 07-080-015 तथैवात्युदकाद् भीतस्तस्य भेदनमिच्छति |
M. N. Dutt: Terrified with the fear of huge quantity of water that might fill up in the field, one who wants to break the ridge, he is said as enemy. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-016 यः समृद्ध्या न तुष्येत क्षये दीनतरो भवेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-080-016 यस्तु वृद्ध्या न तृप्येत क्षये दीनतरो भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: A person whose joy knows no limit upon seeing the advancement of the king and who feels pain upon seeing the king's decay, is one of the best friends of the king. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-017 यं मन्येत ममाभावादस्याभावो भवेदिति BORI CE: 12-081-018 तं शक्त्या वर्धमानश्च सर्वतः परिबृंहयेत् BORI CE: 12-081-019 क्षताद्भीतं विजानीयादुत्तमं मित्रलक्षणम् |
MN DUTT: 07-080-017 यन्मन्येत ममाभावादस्याभावो भवेदिति |
M. N. Dutt: He who would meet with ruin by your fall, should be trusted by you completely even as you should trust your father. You should, to the best of your power, advance him as you secure advancement for yourself. One who, in even your religious rites, tries to save you from harm, would try to save you from harm in every other transaction. Such a one should be known as your best friend. They, on the other hand, who wish one harm are one's enemies. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-020 व्यसनान्नित्यभीतोऽसौ समृद्ध्यामेव तृप्यते |
MN DUTT: 07-080-018 व्यसनान्नित्यभीतो यः समृद्ध्या यो न दुष्यति |
M. N. Dutt: That friend is like your own self who is filled with fear when calamity befalls you and with joy when prosperity smiles on you. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-021 रूपवर्णस्वरोपेतस्तितिक्षुरनसूयकः |
MN DUTT: 07-080-019 रूपवर्णस्वरोपेतस्तितिक्षुरनसूयकः |
M. N. Dutt: A person endued with beauty, fair complexion, sweet voice, liberality, highmindedness, and good birth, cannot be such a friend. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-022 मेधावी स्मृतिमान्दक्षः प्रकृत्या चानृशंसवान् BORI CE: 12-081-023 ऋत्विग्वा यदि वाचार्यः सखा वात्यन्तसंस्तुतः |
MN DUTT: 07-080-020 मेधावी स्मृतिमान् दक्षः प्रकृत्या चानृशंस्यवान् |
M. N. Dutt: That person who is endued with intelligence and memory, who is smart in transacting business, who is by nature shorn of cruelty, who is never wrathful, and who whether honoured or neglected is never dissatisfied, be he your priest or preceptor or trusted friend, should always receive your adoration if he accepts the office of your counsellor and lives in your palace. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-024 स ते विद्यात्परं मन्त्रं प्रकृतिं चार्थधर्मयोः |
MN DUTT: 07-080-021 स ते विद्यात् परं मन्त्रं प्रकृतिं चार्थधर्मयोः |
M. N. Dutt: You may communicate to such a person your most secret counsels and the true state of never all your affairs, spiritual or temporal. You may trust him as you may your own father. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-025 नैव द्वौ न त्रयः कार्या न मृष्येरन्परस्परम् |
MN DUTT: 07-080-022 नैव द्वौ न त्रयः कार्या न मृष्येरन् परस्परम् |
M. N. Dutt: One person should be appointed to one work, and not two or three. These may not tolerate each other. It is always seen that several persons, if engaged in one and the same work, disagree with one another. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-026 कीर्तिप्रधानो यश्च स्याद्यश्च स्यात्समये स्थितः BORI CE: 12-081-027 यो न कामाद्भयाल्लोभात्क्रोधाद्वा धर्ममुत्सृजेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-080-023 कीर्तिप्रधानो यस्तु स्याद् यश्च स्यात् समये स्थितः |
M. N. Dutt: That person who acquires fame, who observes all restraints, who is never jealous of able and competent persons, who never does any evil act, who renounces righteousness from lust or fear or covetousness or wrath, who is smart in transaction business, and who always speaks wise and weighty words, should be your foremost of ministers. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-028 शूरश्चार्यश्च विद्वांश्च प्रतिपत्तिविशारदः |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-029 एते ह्यमात्याः कर्तव्याः सर्वकर्मस्ववस्थिताः |
MN DUTT: 07-080-024 कुलीनः शीलसम्पन्नस्तितिक्षुरविकत्थनः |
M. N. Dutt: Well-behaved persons and born in good families, who are liberal and never given to brag, who are brave and respectable, and learned and full of resources, should be appointed as ministers for supervising all your affairs. Respected by you and gratified with riches, they would act for your well-being and be of great help to you. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-030 कृत्स्नमेते विनिक्षिप्ताः प्रतिरूपेषु कर्मसु |
MN DUTT: 07-080-025 कृत्स्नमेते विनिक्षिप्ताः प्रतिरूपेषु कर्मसु |
M. N. Dutt: Appointed of offices of emolument and of other important matters, they will always secure great prosperity. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-031 एते कर्माणि कुर्वन्ति स्पर्धमाना मिथः सदा |
MN DUTT: 07-080-026 एते कर्माणि कुर्वन्ति रूपर्धमाना मिथः सदा |
M. N. Dutt: Actuated by a feeling of healthy rivalry, they satisfy all duties regarding profit, consulting with one another when necessary. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-032 ज्ञातिभ्यश्चैव बिभ्येथा मृत्योरिव यतः सदा |
MN DUTT: 07-080-027 ज्ञातिभ्यश्चैव बुद्ध्येथा मृत्योरिव भयं सदा |
M. N. Dutt: You should fear your kinsmen as you should death itself. A kinsman can never bear a kinsmen's prosperity even as a feudatory chief cannot bear to see the prosperity of his lord. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-033 ऋजोर्मृदोर्वदान्यस्य ह्रीमतः सत्यवादिनः |
MN DUTT: 07-080-028 ऋजोर्मदोर्वदान्यस्य ह्रीमतः सत्यवादिनः |
M. N. Dutt: None but a kinsman feels joy at the destruction of a kinsman endued with sincerity, mildness, liberality, modesty and truthfulness. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-034 अज्ञातिता नातिसुखा नावज्ञेयास्त्वतः परम् |
MN DUTT: 07-080-029 अज्ञातिनोऽपि न सुखा नावज्ञेयास्ततः परम् |
M. N. Dutt: They, again, who have no kinsmen, can not be happy. No man is more contemptible than he who has no kinsman. A person who has no kinsman is easily overthrown by enemies. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-035 निकृतस्य नरैरन्यैर्ज्ञातिरेव परायणम् |
MN DUTT: 07-080-030 निकृतस्य नरैरन्यैर्शातिरेव परायणम् |
M. N. Dutt: Kinsmen are the refuge of one who is attacked by others, for kinsmen can never bear to see a kinsman assailed by other people. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-036 आत्मानमेव जानाति निकृतं बान्धवैरपि BORI CE: 12-081-037 नाज्ञातिरनुगृह्णाति नाज्ञातिर्दिग्धमस्यति |
MN DUTT: 07-080-031 आत्मानमेव जानाति निकृतं बान्धवैरपि |
M. N. Dutt: When a kinsman is persecuted by even his friends, every kinsman of his considers the injury to be inflicted upon himself. In kinsmen, therefore, there both merits and shortcomings. A person having no kinsmen never shows favours to any one nor humbles himself to any one. In kinsmen, therefore, both mcrit and demerit are seen. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-038 तान्मानयेत्पूजयेच्च नित्यं वाचा च कर्मणा |
MN DUTT: 07-080-032 सम्मानयेत् पूजयेच्च वाचा नित्यं च कर्मणा |
M. N. Dutt: One should, for this reason, always honour and adore his kinsmen in words and deeds, and are do what pleases them without injuring them at any time. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-039 विश्वस्तवदविश्वस्तस्तेषु वर्तेत सर्वदा |
MN DUTT: 07-080-033 विश्वस्तवदविश्वस्तस्तेषु वर्तेत सर्वदा |
M. N. Dutt: Though one may mistrust them at heart, he should behave towards them as if he trusted them completely. Thinking of their nature, it seems that they have neither demerits nor merits. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-040 तस्यैवं वर्तमानस्य पुरुषस्याप्रमादिनः |
MN DUTT: 07-080-034 अस्यैवं वर्तमानस्य पुरुषस्याप्रमादिनः |
M. N. Dutt: A person who carefully conducts himself in this way finds his every enemies shorn of hostility and converted into friends. |
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BORI CE: 12-081-041 य एवं वर्तते नित्यं ज्ञातिसंबन्धिमण्डले |
MN DUTT: 07-080-035 य एवं वर्तते नित्यं ज्ञातिसम्बन्धिमण्डले |
M. N. Dutt: One who always conducts himself in this way with his kinsmen and relatives and treats thus his friends and enemies, succeeds in acquiring everlasting fame.' |
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