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Book 12 – Chapter 086
BORI CE: 12-086-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-085-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच कथं स्विदिह राजेन्द्र पालयन् पार्थिवः प्रजाः |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said O foremost of kings, what is that method by which a king governing his subjects may, thereby, acquire great blessedness and eternal fame? |
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BORI CE: 12-086-002 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-085-002 भीष्म उवाच व्यवहारेण शुद्धेन प्रजापालनतत्परः |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said A king of pure soul and devoted to the duty of protecting his subjects acquires merit and fame, both here and hereafter, by acting righteously. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-003 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-085-003 युधिष्ठिर उवाच कीदृशैर्व्यवहारैस्तु कैश्च व्यवहरेन्नृपः |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said What should attitude of the king with regard to the treatment of others. Asked by me, O you of great wisdom, you should tell me everything duly! |
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BORI CE: 12-086-004 ये चैते पूर्वकथिता गुणास्ते पुरुषं प्रति |
MN DUTT: 07-085-004 ये चैव पूर्वं कथिता गुणास्ते पुरुषं प्रति |
M. N. Dutt: The virtues of men, which you have described, cannot be found to exist in any single individual. Bhishma said- |
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BORI CE: 12-086-005 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-085-005 भीष्म उवाच एवमेतन्महाप्राज्ञ यथा वदसि बुद्धिमन् |
M. N. Dutt: You are highly intelligent, O Yudhishthira! It is what you say. The person is very rare who is endued with all those good qualities. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-006 किं तु संक्षेपतः शीलं प्रयत्ने नेह दुर्लभम् |
MN DUTT: 07-085-006 किंतु संक्षेपत: शीलं प्रयत्नेनेह दुर्लभम् |
M. N. Dutt: In short, such a one, [who is possessed of all those virtues) is very difficult to be seen even upon careful search. I shall, however, tell you what kinds of ministers should be appointed by you. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-007 चतुरो ब्राह्मणान्वैद्यान्प्रगल्भान्सात्त्विकाञ्शुचीन् |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-008 अष्टाभिश्च गुणैर्युक्तं सूतं पौराणिकं चरेत् BORI CE: 12-086-009 मतिस्मृतिसमायुक्तं विनीतं समदर्शनम् BORI CE: 12-086-010 विवर्जितानां व्यसनैः सुघोरैः सप्तभिर्भृशम् |
MN DUTT: 07-085-007 चतुरो ब्राह्मणान् वैद्यान् प्रगल्भान् स्नातकाशुचीन् |
M. N. Dutt: Four Brahmanas, learned in the Vedas, endued with a sense of dignity, belonging to the Sanataka order, and of pure conduct, and eight Kshatriyas, all of whom should have physical strength and be capable of wielding weapons, and one and twenty Vaishyas, all of whom should be rich, and three Shudras, every one of whom should be humble and of pure conduct and devoted to his daily duties, and one man of the Suta caste, possessing of the knowledge of the Puranas and the eight principal virtues, should be your ministers. Every one of them should be fifty years old endued with sense of dignity, free from envy, masters of the Shrutis and the Smritis humble, impartial, capable of deciding then and there in the midst of disputants pointing out various courses of action, free from covetousness, and from the seven terrible vices called Vyasanas. The king should consult with those eight ministers and lead them. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-011 ततः संप्रेषयेद्राष्ट्रे राष्ट्रायाथ च दर्शयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-085-008 ततः सम्प्रेषयेद्राष्टे राष्ट्रीयाय च दर्शयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: He should then announce in his kingdom, for the information of his subjects, the results of such consultations. You should always, following such a conduct, watch over your people. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-012 न चापि गूढं कार्यं ते ग्राह्यं कार्योपघातकम् BORI CE: 12-086-013 विद्रवेच्चैव राष्ट्रं ते श्येनात्पक्षिगणा इव |
MN DUTT: 07-085-009 न चापि गूढं द्रव्यं ते ग्राह्यं कार्योपघातकम् |
M. N. Dutt: You should never confiscate what is deposited with you or appropriate the thing whose ownership is disputed by two persons. Such a conduct would spoil the administration of justice. If the administration of justice be thus spoiled will assail you, and afflict your kingdom as well and strike your people with fear as little birds on seeing the hawk. Your kingdom will then vanish like a boat wrecked on the sea. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-014 प्रजाः पालयतोऽसम्यगधर्मेणेह भूपतेः |
MN DUTT: 07-085-010 प्रजाः पालयतोऽसभ्यगधर्मेणेह भूपतेः |
M. N. Dutt: If a king governs his subjects unfairly, fear takes possession of his heart and the door of heaven is shut against him. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-015 अथ योऽधर्मतः पाति राजामात्योऽथ वात्मजः BORI CE: 12-086-016 कार्येष्वधिकृताः सम्यगकुर्वन्तो नृपानुगाः |
MN DUTT: 07-085-011 अथयोऽधर्मतः पाति राजामात्योऽथ वाऽऽत्मजः |
M. N. Dutt: A kingdom, O foremost of men, depends upon righteousness. That minister, or king's son, who acts unfairly, holding the seat of justice, and those officers who, having accepted responsible offices, act unjustly, actuated by self-interest, all sink in hell along with the king himself. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-017 बलात्कृतानां बलिभिः कृपणं बहु जल्पताम् |
MN DUTT: 07-085-012 बलात्कृतानां बलिभिः कृपणं बहु जल्पताम् |
M. N. Dutt: Helpless inen, who are oppressed by the strong and who consequently bewail piteously, have the king for their protector. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-018 ततः साक्षिबलं साधु द्वैधे वादकृतं भवेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-085-013 ततः साक्षिबलं साधु द्वैधवादकृतं भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: In cases of dispute between two parties, the decision should depend upon the evidence of witness. If one of the parties has no witness and is helpless, the king should give the case his best consideration. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-019 अपराधानुरूपं च दण्डं पापेषु पातयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-085-014 अपराधानुरूपं च दण्डं पापेषु धारयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: The king should punish the offenders according to their offences. The wealthy should be punished with fines and confiscations; the poor, with loss of liberty. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-020 विनयैरपि दुर्वृत्तान्प्रहारैरपि पार्थिवः |
MN DUTT: 07-085-015 विनयेच्चापि दुर्वृत्तान् प्रहारैरपि पार्थिवः |
M. N. Dutt: The wicked should be punished by the king with corporal punishments. The king should maintain all good men with sweet speeches and presents of riches. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-021 राज्ञो वधं चिकीर्षेद्यस्तस्य चित्रो वधो भवेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-085-016 राज्ञो वधं चिकीर्षेद् यस्तस्य चित्रो वधो भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: He who tries to bring about the death of the king should be punished with death to be effected by various means. One who becomes guilty of arson or theft or such co-habitation with women as may lead to an intermixture of castes, should be punished with death. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-022 सम्यक्प्रणयतो दण्डं भूमिपस्य विशां पते |
MN DUTT: 07-085-017 सम्यक् प्रणयतो दण्डं भूमिपस्य विशाम्पते |
M. N. Dutt: A king, O monarch, who inflicts punishments duly and according to the dictates of the science of punishment, commits no sin by the act. On the other hand, he acquires eternal merit. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-023 कामकारेण दण्डं तु यः कुर्यादविचक्षणः |
MN DUTT: 07-085-018 कामकारेण दण्डं तु यः कुर्यादविचक्षणः |
M. N. Dutt: That foolish king who inflicts punishments whimsically, earns infamy here and sinks into hell hereafter. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-024 न परस्य श्रवादेव परेषां दण्डमर्पयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-085-019 न परस्य प्रवादेन परेषां दण्डमर्पयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: One should not be punished for the fault of another. Bestowing sufficient thought upon the code, a person should be convicted or acquitted. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-025 न तु हन्यान्नृपो जातु दूतं कस्यांचिदापदि |
MN DUTT: 07-085-020 न तु हन्यान्नृपो जातु दूतं कस्याञ्चिदापदि |
M. N. Dutt: A king should never kill a messenger under any circumstances. That king who kills a messenger sinks into hell with all his ministers. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-026 यथोक्तवादिनं दूतं क्षत्रधर्मरतो नृपः |
MN DUTT: 07-085-021 यथोक्तवादिनं दूतं क्षत्रधर्मरतो नृपः |
M. N. Dutt: That king, mindful of Kshatriya practices, who kills a messenger faithfully speaking out his message, causes his departed manes to be stained with the sin of killing a foetus. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-027 कुलीनः शीलसंपन्नो वाग्मी दक्षः प्रियंवदः |
MN DUTT: 07-085-022 कुलीन: शीलसम्पन्नो वाग्मी दक्षः प्रियंवदः |
M. N. Dutt: A messenger should have these seven accomplishments, viz., he should be of high descent, of a good family, eloquent, clever, sweet-speeched, faithful in delivering the message with which he is sent, and possessed of good memory. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-028 एतैरेव गुणैर्युक्तः प्रतीहारोऽस्य रक्षिता |
MN DUTT: 07-085-023 एतैरेव गुणैर्युक्तः प्रतिहारोऽस्य रक्षिता |
M. N. Dutt: The aid-de-camp of the king, who guards his persons, should also possess similar qualities. The officer also that guards his capital or citadel should possess the same qualities. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-029 धर्मार्थशास्त्रतत्त्वज्ञः संधिविग्रहको भवेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-085-024 धर्मशास्त्रार्थतत्त्वज्ञः सांधिविग्रहिको भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: The king's minister should be well-read in the scriptures and capable in directing wars and making treaties. He should also be intelligent, courageous, modest, and capable of keeping secrets. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-030 कुलीनः सत्यसंपन्नः शक्तोऽमात्यः प्रशंसितः |
MN DUTT: 07-085-025 कुलीनः सत्त्वसम्पन्नः शुक्लोऽमात्यः प्रशस्यते |
M. N. Dutt: He should also be of high birth, have strength of mind, and be pure in conduct. If endued with these qualities, he should be regarded worthy. The commander of the king's forces should have also the same qualities. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-031 व्यूहयन्त्रायुधीयानां तत्त्वज्ञो विक्रमान्वितः |
MN DUTT: 07-085-026 व्यूहयन्त्रायुधानां च तत्त्वज्ञो विक्रमान्वितः वर्षशीतोष्णवातानां सहिष्णुः पररन्ध्रवित् |
M. N. Dutt: He should also be master of the various sorts of battle array and with the uses of engines and weapons. He should be able to bear exposure to rain, cold, heat, and wind, and watchful of the shortcomings of foes. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-032 विश्वासयेत्परांश्चैव विश्वसेन्न तु कस्यचित् |
MN DUTT: 07-085-027 विश्वासयेत् परांश्चैव विश्वसेच्च न कस्यचित् |
M. N. Dutt: The king, O monarch, should, be able to make his enemies sleep under a sense of security. He should not, however, himself trust any one. The reposing of confidence on even his own son is not good. |
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BORI CE: 12-086-033 एतच्छास्त्रार्थतत्त्वं तु तवाख्यातं मयानघ |
MN DUTT: 07-085-028 एतच्छास्त्रार्थतत्त्वं तु मयाऽऽख्यातं तवानघ |
M. N. Dutt: I have now, O sinless one, described to you what are the injunctions of the scriptures. Not to trust any one has been regarded one of the greatest mysteries of king-craft? |
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