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Book 12 – Chapter 109
BORI CE: 12-109-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-108-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच महानयं धर्मपथो बहुशाखश्च भारत |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said The path of duty in long. It has also, O Bharata, many branches. What are those duties which you hold to be the best to practise. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-002 किं कार्यं सर्वधर्माणां गरीयो भवतो मतम् |
MN DUTT: 07-108-002 किं कार्यं सर्वधर्माणां गरीयो भवतो मतम् |
M. N. Dutt: What are the most important duties in your view by the practice of which I may acquire the highest merit both in this world and in the next. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-003 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-108-003 भीष्म उवाच मातापित्रोर्गुरूणां च पूजा बहुमता मम |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said The adoration of mother, father, and preceptor is, I consider, the most important. The man, who satisfies that duty here, succeeds in winning great fame and many blessed regions. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-004 यदेते ह्यभिजानीयुः कर्म तात सुपूजिताः |
MN DUTT: 07-108-004 यच्च तेऽभ्यनुजानीयुः कर्म तात सुपूजिताः |
M. N. Dutt: Adored by you, whatever they will command you, be it consistent with righteousness, or be it inconsistent with it, you should carry it out unhesitatingly, O Yudhishthira. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-005 न तैरनभ्यनुज्ञातो धर्ममन्यं प्रकल्पयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-108-005 न च तैरभ्यनुज्ञातो धर्ममन्यं समाचरेत् |
M. N. Dutt: One should never do what they forbid. Forsooth, there command should always be done. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-006 एत एव त्रयो लोका एत एवाश्रमास्त्रयः |
MN DUTT: 07-108-006 एत एव त्रयो लोका एत एवाश्रमास्त्रयः |
M. N. Dutt: They are the three worlds. They are the three modes of life. They are the three Vedas. They are the three sacred fires. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-007 पिता ह्यग्निर्गार्हपत्यो माताग्निर्दक्षिणः स्मृतः |
MN DUTT: 07-108-007 पिता वै गार्हपत्योऽग्निर्दक्षिणः स्मृतः |
M. N. Dutt: The father is said to be the Garhapatya fire; the mother, the Dakshina fire; and the preceptor is the fire upon which libations are poured. These three fires are, of course, the greatest. If you adore carefully these three fires, you will conquer the three worlds. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-008 त्रिष्वप्रमाद्यन्नेतेषु त्रीँल्लोकानवजेष्यसि |
MN DUTT: 07-108-008 पितृवृत्त्या त्विमं लोकं मातृवृत्त्या तथा परम् |
M. N. Dutt: By serving the father regularly one may cross this world. By serving the mother in the same way, one may enjoy blessed regions in the next. By serving the preceptor regularly, one may acquire the region of Brahma. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-009 सम्यगेतेषु वर्तस्व त्रिषु लोकेषु भारत |
MN DUTT: 07-108-009 सम्यगेतेषु वर्तस्व त्रिषु लोकेषु भारत |
M. N. Dutt: Properly treat these three, O Bharata, you will then acquire great fame in the three worlds, and be you blessed, great will be your merit and reward. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-010 नैतानतिशयेज्जातु नात्यश्नीयान्न दूषयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-108-010 नैतानतिशयेज्जातु नात्यश्नीयान्न दूषयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: Never transgress them in your deeds. Never eat before they eat, nor eat any thing that is better than what they eat. Never attribute any fault to them. One should always serve them humbly. That is an act of great merit. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-108-011 कीर्तिं पुण्यं यशो लोकान् प्राप्स्यसे राजसत्तम |
M. N. Dutt: By acting thus, O best of kings, you may acquire fame, merit, honour, and blessed regions hereafter. He, who honours these three is honoured of all the worlds. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-011 सर्वे तस्यादृता लोका यस्यैते त्रय आदृताः |
MN DUTT: 07-108-011 कीर्तिं पुण्यं यशो लोकान् प्राप्स्यसे राजसत्तम MN DUTT: 07-108-012 अनादृतास्तु यस्यैते सर्वास्तस्याफलाः क्रियाः |
M. N. Dutt: By acting thus, O best of kings, you may acquire fame, merit, honour, and blessed regions hereafter. He, who honours these three is honoured of all the worlds. He, however, who disregards these three, cannot acquire any merit from any of his acts. Such a man, O scorcher of foes, neither obtains this would nor the next. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-012 नैवायं न परो लोकस्तस्य चैव परंतप |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-013 न चास्मिन्न परे लोके यशस्तस्य प्रकाशते |
MN DUTT: 07-108-013 अमानिता नित्यमेव यस्यैते गुरवस्त्रयः |
M. N. Dutt: He, who always disregards these three elders never enjoys fame either in this world or in the next. Such a man never reaps any good in the next world. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-014 तेभ्य एव तु तत्सर्वं कृत्यया विसृजाम्यहम् |
MN DUTT: 07-108-014 तेभ्य एव हि यत् सर्वं कृत्वा च विसृजाम्यहम् |
M. N. Dutt: All that I have dedicated to the honour of those three has multiplied a hundred-fold or a thousand-fold. On account of that merit that even now, Yudhishthira, the three worlds are clearly visible to me. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-015 दशैव तु सदाचार्यः श्रोत्रियानतिरिच्यते |
MN DUTT: 07-108-015 दशैव तु सदाऽऽचार्यः श्रोत्रियानतिरिच्यते |
M. N. Dutt: One Acharya is superior to ten Brahmanas learned in the Vedas. One Upadhyaya is again superior to ten Acharyas. The father, again, is superior to ten Upadhyayas. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-016 पितॄन्दश तु मातैका सर्वां वा पृथिवीमपि |
MN DUTT: 07-108-016 पितॄन् दश तु मातैका सर्वा वा पृथिवीमपि |
M. N. Dutt: The mother, again, is superior to ten fathers, or, perhaps, the whole world, there is no one so much worthy of reverence as the mother. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-108-017 गुरुर्गरीयान् पितृतो मातृतश्चेति मे मतिः |
M. N. Dutt: In my view, however, the preceptor deserves greater respect then the father or even the mother. The father and the mother are the creators of one's being. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-017 उभौ हि मातापितरौ जन्मनि व्युपयुज्यतः |
MN DUTT: 07-108-018 शरीरमेव सृजतः पिता माता च भारत |
M. N. Dutt: The father and the mother, O Bharata, only create the body. The life, on the other hand, which one acquires from his preceptor, is divine. That life suffers no decays and is imimortal. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-018 अवध्या हि सदा माता पिता चाप्यपकारिणौ |
MN DUTT: 07-108-019 अवध्या हि सदा माता पिता चाप्यपकारिणौ |
M. N. Dutt: The father and the inother, even if they offend you, should never be killed. By not punishing a father and a mother one does not commit sin. Indeed, such reverend persons, by escaping punishment do not stain the king. The gods and the Rishis do not withhold their favours from such persons who try to maintain even their sinful fathers reverently. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-019 य आवृणोत्यवितथेन कर्णा;वृतं ब्रुवन्नमृतं संप्रयच्छन् |
MN DUTT: 07-108-020 यश्चावृणोत्यवितथेन कर्मणा ऋतं ब्रुवन्ननृतं सम्प्रयच्छन् |
M. N. Dutt: He, who favours a person by giving him true instruction, by communicating the Vedas, and by giving immortal knowledge, should be honoured as parents. The disciple, out of gratitude for what the instructor has done, should never do what would injure the latter. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-020 विद्यां श्रुत्वा ये गुरुं नाद्रियन्ते; प्रत्यासन्नं मनसा कर्मणा वा |
MN DUTT: 07-108-021 विद्यां श्रुत्वा ये गुरुं नाद्रियन्ते प्रत्यासन्ना मनसा कर्मणा वा |
M. N. Dutt: They, who do not honour their preceptors after receiving instruction from them by obeying them dutifully in thought and deed commit the sin of killing a foetus. There is no greater sinner in this world than this. Preceptors always treat their disciples with great affection. The latter should, therefore, reverse their preceptors duly. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-021 तस्मात्पूजयितव्याश्च संविभज्याश्च यत्नतः |
MN DUTT: 07-108-022 तस्मात् पूजयतिव्याश्च संविभज्याश्च यत्नतः |
M. N. Dutt: He, therefore, who wishes to acquire that high merit which has existed from days of yore, should adore his preceptors and carefully share with them every object of enjoyment. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-022 येन प्रीताश्च पितरस्तेन प्रीतः पितामहः |
MN DUTT: 07-108-023 येन प्रीणाति पितरं तेन प्रीतः प्रजापतिः |
M. N. Dutt: Prajapati himself is pleased with him who pleases his father, He, who pleases his mother, pleases the Earth herself. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-023 येन प्रीणात्युपाध्यायं तेन स्याद्ब्रह्म पूजितम् |
MN DUTT: 07-108-024 येन प्रीणात्युपाध्यायं तेन स्याद् ब्रह्म पूजितम् |
M. N. Dutt: He, who pleases his preceptor pleases Brahma. Therefore the preceptor deserves greater respect then enter the father or the mother. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-108-025 ऋषयश्च हि देवाश्च प्रीयन्ते पितृभिः सह |
M. N. Dutt: If preceptors are adored the very Rishis, and the gods, together the Pitris, are all pleased. Therefore, the preceptor deserves the highest respect. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-024 न केनचन वृत्तेन ह्यवज्ञेयो गुरुर्भवेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-108-026 केनचिन्न च वृत्तेन ह्यववज्ञेयो गुरुर्भवेत् |
M. N. Dutt: The preceptor should never in any way be dishonoured by the disciple. Neither the mother nor the father deserves the honour which the preceptor does. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-025 न तेऽवमानमर्हन्ति न च ते दूषयन्ति तम् |
MN DUTT: 07-108-027 न तेऽवमानमर्हन्ति न तेषां दूषयेत् कृतम् |
M. N. Dutt: No insult should be offered to the father, the mother, and the preceptor. No act of theirs should be censured. The good and the great Rishis are pleased with him who treats his preceptors reverentially. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-026 उपाध्यायं पितरं मातरं च; येऽभिद्रुह्यन्ति मनसा कर्मणा वा |
MN DUTT: 07-108-028 उपाध्यायं पितरं मातरं च येऽभिद्रुह्यन्ते मनसा कर्मणा वा |
M. N. Dutt: They, who injure in thought and deed their preceptors, or fathers, or mothers, commit the sin of killing a foetus. There is no sinner in the world equal to them. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-108-029 भृतो वृद्धो यो न बिभर्ति पुत्रः स्वयोनिजः पितरं मातरं च |
M. N. Dutt: That son, who, being born of parents and brought up by them and when he comes to age, does not maintain them on his turn, commits the sin of killing a foetus. There is no sinner like him in the world. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-027 मित्रद्रुहः कृतघ्नस्य स्त्रीघ्नस्य पिशुनस्य च |
MN DUTT: 07-108-030 मित्रद्रुहः कृतघ्नस्य स्त्रीघ्नस्य गुरुघातिनः |
M. N. Dutt: We have never heard that these four, viz., he, who injures a friend, he, who is ungrateful, he, who kills a woman, and he, who kills preceptor, succeed in purifying themselves. |
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BORI CE: 12-109-028 एतत्सर्वमतिदेशेन सृष्टं; यत्कर्तव्यं पुरुषेणेह लोके |
MN DUTT: 07-108-031 एतत्सर्वमनिर्देशेनैवमुक्तं यत्कर्तव्यं पुरुषेणेह लोके |
M. N. Dutt: I have described to you in general all that a person should do in this world. Besides those duties that I have described, there is nothing which yields greater happiness. Thinking of all duties, I have described to you their essence. ever |
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