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Book 12 – Chapter 120
BORI CE: 12-120-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-120-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच राजवृत्तान्यनेकानि त्वया प्रोक्तानि भारत |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said You have, O Bharata, described the many duties of king-craft, which were observed and laid down in days of yore by persons of ancient times conversant with royal duties. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-002 तदेव विस्तरेणोक्तं पूर्वैर्दृष्टं सतां मतम् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-002 तदेव विस्तरेणोक्तः पूर्वदृष्टं सतां मतम् |
M. N. Dutt: You have, indeed, described fully those duties as approved by the wise. Do you, however, O foremost of Bharata's race give us an abridgement of the same, so that we may keep it in memory. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-003 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-120-003 भीष्म उवाच रक्षणं सर्वभूतानामिति क्षात्रं परं मतम् |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said The protection of all creatures is considered the highest duty of the Kshatriya. Listen now to me, o king, as to how the duty of protection to be performed. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-004 यथा बर्हाणि चित्राणि बिभर्ति भुजगाशनः |
MN DUTT: 07-120-004 यथा बर्हाणि चित्राणि बिभर्ति भुजगाशनः |
M. N. Dutt: A king conversant with his duties should put on many forms and the peacock displays plumes of various hues. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-005 तैक्ष्ण्यं जिह्मत्वमादान्त्यं सत्यमार्जवमेव च |
MN DUTT: 07-120-005 तैक्ष्ण्यं जिह्मत्वमादाल्भ्यं सत्यमार्जवमेव च |
M. N. Dutt: Keenness, crookedness, truth, and sincerity, are the qualities which should be present in him. He should practise impartially the qualities of goodness if he is to acquire happiness. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-006 यस्मिन्नर्थे हितं यत्स्यात्तद्वर्णं रूपमाविशेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-006 यस्मिन्नर्थे हितं यत् स्यात् तद्वर्ण रूपमादिशेत् |
M. N. Dutt: He must assume that particular colour or form which is beneficial for the particular object which he tries to achieve. A king who can put on various forms succeeds in achieving even the most subtile objects. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-007 नित्यं रक्षितमन्त्रः स्याद्यथा मूकः शरच्छिखी |
MN DUTT: 07-120-007 नित्यं रक्षितमन्त्रः स्याद् यथा मूकः शरच्छिखी |
M. N. Dutt: Dumb like the peacock in autumn, he should keep his counsels close. He should speak little and that little should be sweet. He should be of good features and well-read in the scriptures. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-008 आपद्द्वारेषु यत्तः स्याज्जलप्रस्रवणेष्विव |
MN DUTT: 07-120-008 आपद्वारेषु युक्तः स्याज्जलप्रस्त्रवणेष्विव |
M. N. Dutt: He should always be very careful about those gates through which dangers may come and befall him, like men guarding breaks in embankments through which the waters of large tanks may rush and flood their fields and houses. He should seek the protection of Brahmanas crowned with ascetic success as men seek the refuge of powerful rivers caused by the rain-water deposited within mountain lakes. That king, who wishes to amass riches should act like religious hypocrites who keep Sikha or tuft of hair. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-009 अर्थकामः शिखां राजा कुर्याद्धर्मध्वजोपमाम् |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-120-009 नित्यमुद्यतदण्डः स्यादाचरेदप्रमादतः |
M. N. Dutt: The king should always have the rod of Punishment uplifted in his hands. He should always levy taxes carefully after examining the incomes and expenses of his subjects, like men going to a full-grown palmyra for drawing juice. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-010 मृजावान्स्यात्स्वयूथ्येषु भावानि चरणैः क्षिपेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-010 जावान् स्यात् स्वयूथ्येषु भौमानि चरणैः क्षिपेत् |
M. N. Dutt: He should treat equitably his own subjects; cause the crops of his enemies to be crushed by the foot of his cavalry, march against enemies when his own wings have become strong; and mark all the sources of his own weakness. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-011 दोषान्विवृणुयाच्छत्रोः परपक्षान्विधूनयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-011 दोषान् विवृणुयाच्छत्रोः परपक्षान् विधूनयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: He should announce the faults of his enemies; crush those who are their partisans; and collect riches from outside like a person plucking flowers from the forest. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-012 उच्छ्रितानाश्रयेत्स्फीतान्नरेन्द्रानचलोपमान् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-012 उच्छ्रितान् नाशयेत् स्फीतान् नरेन्द्रानचलोपमान् |
M. N. Dutt: He should kill those foremost of kings who are puffed up with might and stand with upraised heads like mountains; by bribing the governors of the forests and by ambuscades and sudden attacks. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-013 प्रावृषीवासितग्रीवो मज्जेत निशि निर्जने |
MN DUTT: 07-120-013 प्रावृषीवासितग्रीवो मज्जेत निशि निर्जने |
M. N. Dutt: Like the peacock in the rains, he should enter his nightly habitations alone and unseen. Indeed, he should enjoy, like the peacock, within his inner apartments, the company of his wives. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-120-014 न जह्याच्च तनुत्राणं रक्षेदात्मानमात्मना |
M. N. Dutt: He should not put off his coat of mail. He should himself guard his own self and avoid the nets spread out for him by the spies and secret agents of his enemies. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-014 चारभूमिष्वभिगमान्पाशांश्च परिवर्जयेत् BORI CE: 12-120-015 हन्यात्क्रुद्धानतिविषान्ये जिह्मगतयोऽहितान् BORI CE: 12-120-016 सदा बर्हिनिभः कामं प्रसक्तिकृतमाचरेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-014 न जह्याच्च तनुत्राणं रक्षेदात्मानमात्मना MN DUTT: 07-120-015 प्रणयेद् वापि तां भूमि प्रणश्येद् गहने पुनः MN DUTT: 07-120-016 एवं मयूरवद् राजा स्वराज्यं परिपालयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: He should not put off his coat of mail. He should himself guard his own self and avoid the nets spread out for him by the spies and secret agents of his enemies. He should also gain over the spies of his enemies, but destroy them fully when opportunity presents itself. Like the peacocks the king should destroy his powerful and angry foes of crooked policy, and kill their force and drive them away from home. The king should also like the peacocks do what is good to him, and gather wisdom from all sides as they collect insects even from the forest. An wise and peacock-like king should thus govern his kingdom and pursue a policy which is good for him. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-017 आत्मवृद्धिकरीं नीतिं विदधीत विचक्षणः |
MN DUTT: 07-120-017 आत्मसंयमनं बुद्ध्या परबुद्ध्यावधारणम् |
M. N. Dutt: By dint of his own intelligence, he should determine what he is to do. By consulting with others he should either leave off or conform such resolution. Helped by that intelligence which is sharpened by the scriptures, one can fix his courses of action. Herein consists the utility of the scriptures. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-018 परं चाश्वासयेत्साम्ना स्वशक्तिं चोपलक्षयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-018 परं विश्वासयेत् साम्ना स्वशक्तिं चोपलक्षयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: By following the means of conciliation, he should create confidence in the hearts of his enemies. He should show his own strength. By judging of various courses of action in his own mind he should by dint of his own intelligence, make his decision. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-120-019 सान्त्वयोगमतिः प्राज्ञः कार्याकार्यप्रयोजकः |
M. N. Dutt: The king should be a master of the arts of conciliating policy; he should be endued with wisdom and should be able to do what should be done and avoid the otherwise. A highly wise and intelligent person does not require counsels or instruction. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-019 निगूढबुद्धिर्धीरः स्याद्वक्तव्ये वक्ष्यते तथा BORI CE: 12-120-020 अनुयुञ्जीत कृत्यानि सर्वाण्येव महीपतिः |
MN DUTT: 07-120-019 सान्त्वयोगमतिः प्राज्ञः कार्याकार्यप्रयोजकः MN DUTT: 07-120-020 स निकृष्टां कथां प्राज्ञो यदि बुद्ध्या बृहस्पतिः |
M. N. Dutt: The king should be a master of the arts of conciliating policy; he should be endued with wisdom and should be able to do what should be done and avoid the otherwise. A highly wise and intelligent person does not require counsels or instruction. A wise man, who is endued with the intelligence of Brihaspati, if he incurs obloquy, soon regains his true nature like heated iron dipped in water. A king should perform objects, of his own or of others, according to the injunctions of the scriptures. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-021 क्षुद्रं क्रूरं तथा प्राज्ञं शूरं चार्थविशारदम् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-021 मृदुशीलं तथा प्राज्ञं शूरं चार्थविधानवित् |
M. N. Dutt: A king, who knows well the means of acquiring riches, should always engage in his acts such men as are mild by nature and endued with wisdom, courage and great strength. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-022 अप्यदृष्ट्वा नियुक्तानि अनुरूपेषु कर्मसु |
MN DUTT: 07-120-022 अथ दृष्ट्वा नियुक्तानि स्वानुरूपेषु कर्मसु |
M. N. Dutt: Seeing his servants employed in acts for which each is fit, the king should act in unision with them like the strings of a musical instrument, set to proper tension, according with their notes. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-023 धर्माणामविरोधेन सर्वेषां प्रियमाचरेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-023 धर्माणामविरोधेन सर्वेषां प्रियमाचरेत् |
M. N. Dutt: The king should do good to all persons without violating the injunctions of Righteousness. That king stands firm as a rock whom everybody regards-He is mine. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-024 व्यवसायं समाधाय सूर्यो रश्मिमिवायताम् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-024 व्यवसायं समाधाय सूर्यो रश्मीनिवायतान् |
M. N. Dutt: While settling the claims of litigants, the king, without making any difference between persons who are liked and those who are disliked by him, should preserve justice. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-025 कुलप्रकृतिदेशानां धर्मज्ञान्मृदुभाषिणः BORI CE: 12-120-026 अलुब्धाञ्शिक्षितान्दान्तान्धर्मेषु परिनिष्ठितान् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-025 कुलप्रकृतिदेशानां धर्मज्ञान् मृदुभाषिणः |
M. N. Dutt: The king should appoint in all his offices such men as know very well the characteristics of particular families of the people in general and of various countries; as are mild in words; as are of middle age; as have no shortcomings, as are devoted to good acts; as are never careless; as are free from rapacity; as are possessed of learning and self-control; and as are firm in virtue and always ready to preserve the interests of both virtue and profit. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-027 एतेनैव प्रकारेण कृत्यानामागतिं गतिम् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-026 एतेन च प्रकारेण कृत्यानामागतिं गतिम् |
M. N. Dutt: In this way, having determined the course of actions and their final ends, the king should accomplish them carefully; and instructed in all matters by his spies, he may live happily. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-028 अमोघक्रोधहर्षस्य स्वयं कृत्यान्ववेक्षिणः |
MN DUTT: 07-120-027 अमोघक्रोधहर्षस्य स्वयं कृत्यान्ववेक्षितुः |
M. N. Dutt: That king, who never yields to anger and joy without sufficient cause, who looks after all his acts himself, and who superintends his income and expenditure with his own eyes, succeeds in acquiring great wealth from the Earth. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-029 व्यक्तश्चानुग्रहो यस्य यथार्थश्चापि निग्रहः |
MN DUTT: 07-120-028 व्यक्तश्चानुग्रहो यस्य यथार्थश्चापि निग्रहः |
M. N. Dutt: That king is a master of his royal duties who rewards his officers and subjects publicly, who punishes those who deserve punishment, who protects his own self, and who protects his kingdom from very evil. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-030 नित्यं राष्ट्रमवेक्षेत गोभिः सूर्य इवोत्पतन् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-029 नित्यं राष्ट्रमवेक्षेत गोभिः सूर्य इवोदितः |
M. N. Dutt: Like the Sun shedding his rays upon everything underneath, the king should always look after his kingdom himself, and helped by his intelligence, be should supervise all his spies and officers. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-031 कालप्राप्तमुपादद्यान्नार्थं राजा प्रसूचयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-030 कालं प्राप्तमुपादद्यान्नार्थं राजा प्रसूचयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: The king should collect wealth from his subjects at the proper time. He should never announce what he does. Like an intelligent person milking his cow every day, the king should milk his kingdom everyday. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-032 यथा क्रमेण पुष्पेभ्यश्चिनोति मधु षट्पदः |
MN DUTT: 07-120-031 यथा क्रमेण पुष्पेभ्यश्चिनोति मधु षट्पदः |
M. N. Dutt: As the bee gathers honey from flowers gradually, the king should collect wealth gradually from his kingdom for keeping it in store. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-033 यद्धि गुप्तावशिष्टं स्यात्तद्धितं धर्मकामयोः |
MN DUTT: 07-120-032 यद्धि गुप्तावशिष्टं स्यात् तद्वित्तं धर्मकामयोः |
M. N. Dutt: Having kept apart a sufficient portion, he should with the remaining portion, acquire religious merit and gratify his desires for pleasure. That king, who is acquainted with duties and who is gifted with intelligence, would never squander what has been stored. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-034 नाल्पमर्थं परिभवेन्नावमन्येत शात्रवान् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-033 नार्थमल्पं परिभवेन्नावमन्येत शात्रवान् |
M. N. Dutt: The king should never disregard any wealth, however little it may be; he should never belittle his foes for their powerlessness; he should by his own intelligence, examine his ownself; he should never place confidence in ignorant persons. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-035 धृतिर्दाक्ष्यं संयमो बुद्धिरग्र्या; धैर्यं शौर्यं देशकालोऽप्रमादः BORI CE: 12-120-036 अग्निस्तोको वर्धते ह्याज्यसिक्तो; बीजं चैकं बहुसाहस्रमेति |
MN DUTT: 07-120-034 धृतिर्दाक्ष्यं संयमो बुद्धिरात्मा धैर्य शौर्य देशकालाप्रमादः |
M. N. Dutt: Steadiness, cleverness, self-control, intelligence, health, patience, bravery, and attention to the requirements of time and place,-these eight qualities always multiply wealth, be it small or be it much. A little fire, fed with clarified butter, may end into a conflagration. A single seed may produce a thousand trees. A king, therefore, even when he knows that his income and expenditure are great, should not neglect the smaller items. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-037 बालोऽबालः स्थविरो वा रिपुर्यः; सदा प्रमत्तं पुरुषं निहन्यात् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-035 बालोऽप्यबालः स्थविरो रिपुर्यः सदा प्रमत्तं पुरुषं निहन्यात् |
M. N. Dutt: An enemy, whether he be a child, a young man, or an aged one, succeeds in killing a careless person. An insignificant enemy, when he becomes powerful, may root out a king. A king, therefore, who is conversant with the requirements of time is the greatest of all kings. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-038 हरेत्कीर्तिं धर्ममस्योपरुन्ध्या;दर्थे दीर्घं वीर्यमस्योपहन्यात् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-036 हरेत् कीर्ति धर्ममस्योपरुर्ध्या दर्थे दीर्घ वीर्यमस्योपहन्यात् |
M. N. Dutt: An enemy, strong or weak, impelled by malice, may very soon destroy the fame of a king, impede the acquisition of religious merit by him; and deprive him of even his energy. Therefore, a king, who is of a controlled mind, should never be careless when he has an enemy. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-039 क्षयं शत्रोः संचयं पालनं चा;प्युभौ चार्थौ सहितौ धर्मकामौ |
MN DUTT: 07-120-037 क्षयं वृद्धिं पालनं संचयं वा बुद्ध्वाप्युभौ संहतौ सर्वकामौ |
M. N. Dutt: If an intelligent king desires for riches and victory, he should after knowing his expenditure, income, savings, and administration, make either peace or war. For this reason the king should seek the help of an intelligent minister. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-040 बुद्धिर्दीप्ता बलवन्तं हिनस्ति; बलं बुद्ध्या वर्धते पाल्यमानम् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-038 बुद्धिर्दीप्ता बलवन्तं हिनस्ति बलं बुद्ध्या पाल्यते वर्धमानम् |
M. N. Dutt: even a ever Brilliant intelligence weakens powerful person; by intelligence the growing power may be protected; a growing enemy is weakened by the help of intelligence; therefore, work which is undertaken with intelligence is deserving of praise. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-041 सर्वान्कामान्कामयानो हि धीरः; सत्त्वेनाल्पेनाप्लुते हीनदेहः |
MN DUTT: 07-120-039 सर्वान् कामान् कामयानो हि धीरः सत्त्वेनाल्पेनाप्नुते हीनदोषः |
M. N. Dutt: A king, who is patient and without any fault, may, if he likes, obtain the fruition of all his wishes, with the help of even a small force. That king, however, who wishes to be encircled by a number of self-seeking flatterers, can never derive the smallest benefit. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-042 तस्माद्राजा प्रगृहीतः परेषु; मूलं लक्ष्म्याः सर्वतोऽभ्याददीत |
MN DUTT: 07-120-040 तस्माद् राजा प्रगृहीतः प्रजासु मूलं लक्ष्म्याः सर्वशो ह्याददीत |
M. N. Dutt: For these reasons, the king, should mildly colleci wealth from his subjects. If a king continually oppresses his people, he is destroyed like a flash of lighting that shines only for a second. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-043 विद्या तपो वा विपुलं धनं वा; सर्वमेतद्व्यवसायेन शक्यम् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-041 विद्या तपो वा विपुलं धनं वा सर्वं ह्येतद् व्यवसायेन शक्यम् |
M. N. Dutt: Learning, penances, immense wealth, indeed, everything, can be acquired by exertion. Exertion of embodied creatures is governed by intelligence. Exertion, therefore, is the greatest of all things. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-044 यत्रासते मतिमन्तो मनस्विनः; शक्रो विष्णुर्यत्र सरस्वती च |
MN DUTT: 07-120-042 यत्रासते मतिमन्तो मनस्विनः शको विष्णुर्यत्र सरस्वती च |
M. N. Dutt: The human body is the habitation of many intelligent, and energetic creatures, of Shakra, of Vishnu, of Sarasvati and of other brings. A learned men, therefore, should never disregard the body. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-045 लुब्धं हन्यात्संप्रदानेन नित्यं; लुब्धस्तृप्तिं परवित्तस्य नैति |
MN DUTT: 07-120-043 लुब्धं हन्यात् सम्प्रदानेन नित्यं लुब्धस्तृप्तिं परवित्तस्य नैति |
M. N. Dutt: A covetous man should be brought under control by continued presents. He that covetous is never satiated with taking other people's riches, Every one, however, becomes covetous of happiness. If a person, therefore, becomes destitute of wealth, he becomes shorn of virtue and pleasure. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-046 धनं भोज्यं पुत्रदारं समृद्धिं; सर्वो लुब्धः प्रार्थयते परेषाम् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-044 धनं भोगं पुत्रदारं समृद्धिं सर्वं लुब्धः प्रार्थयते परेषाम् |
M. N. Dutt: A covetous man seeks to take to himself the riches, the enjoyments, the sons and daughters, and the affluence of others. Every kind of fault is seen in covetous men. The king, therefore, should never appoint a covetous man as his minister or officer. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-047 संदर्शने सत्पुरुषं जघन्यमपि चोदयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-045 संदर्शनेन पुरुषं जघन्यमपि चोदयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: A king should even sent a low person to ascertain the disposition and doings of his enemies. A wise king should frustrate all the attempts and objects of his enemies. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-048 धर्मान्वितेषु विज्ञातो मन्त्री गुप्तश्च पाण्डव |
MN DUTT: 07-120-046 धर्मान्वितेषु विज्ञाता मन्त्री गुप्तश्च पाण्डव |
M. N. Dutt: That confident and high-born king who seeks instruction from learned and pious Brahmanas and who is protected by his ministers, can keep all his tributary chiefs under proper control. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-049 विधिप्रवृत्तान्नरदेवधर्मा;नुक्तान्समासेन निबोध बुद्ध्या |
MN DUTT: 07-120-047 विधिप्रयुक्तान् नरदेवधर्मा नुक्तान् समासेन निबोध बुद्ध्या |
M. N. Dutt: O king, I have briefly described to you of all the duties laid down in the scriptures. Attend to them, helped by your intelligence. That king, who, in obeying his protector, attends to these, succeeds in ruling the whole Earth. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-050 अनीतिजं यद्यविधानजं सुखं; हठप्रणीतं विविधं प्रदृश्यते |
MN DUTT: 07-120-048 अनीतिजं यस्य विधानजं सुखं हठप्रणीतं विधिवत्प्रदृश्यते |
M. N. Dutt: That king, who neglects the happiness which policy yields and seeks for that which chance may bring, never succeeds in enjoying the happiness of sovereignty or in acquiring blissful regions hereafter. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-051 धनैर्विशिष्टान्मतिशीलपूजिता;न्गुणोपपन्नान्युधि दृष्टविक्रमान् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-049 धनैर्विशिष्टान् मतिशीलपूजितान् गुणोपपन्नान् युधि दृष्टविक्रमान् |
M. N. Dutt: By properly looking to the requirements of war and peace, a careful king, succeeds in killing even such foes as are highly rich, adored for intelligence and good conduct, endued with accomplishments, brave in battle, and ready for work. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-052 पश्येदुपायान्विविधैः क्रियापथै;र्न चानुपायेन मतिं निवेशयेत् |
MN DUTT: 07-120-050 पश्येदुपायान् विविधैः क्रियापर्थे र्न चानुपायेन मतिं निवेशयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: The king should find out those means which are supplied by different kinds of acts and measures. He should never depend upon destiny. One who sees faults in innocent persons, never succeeds in acquiring prosperity and fame. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-053 प्रीतिप्रवृत्तौ विनिवर्तने तथा; सुहृत्सु विज्ञाय निवृत्य चोभयोः |
MN DUTT: 07-120-051 प्रीतिप्रवृत्तौ विनिवर्तितौ यथा सुहृत्सु विज्ञाय निवृत्य चोभयोः |
M. N. Dutt: When two friends engage in doing one and the same act, a wise man always praises him among the two who undertakes the heavier share of work. |
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BORI CE: 12-120-054 एतान्मयोक्तांस्तव राजधर्मा;न्नृणां च गुप्तौ मतिमादधत्स्व |
MN DUTT: 07-120-052 एतान् मयोक्तांश्चर राजधर्मान् नृणां च गुप्तौ मतिमादधत्स्व |
M. N. Dutt: Do you practise these duties of kings that I have described to you. Be ready to perform the duty of protecting men. You may then easily acquire the need of virtue. All the regions of happiness hereafter depend upon merit.' |
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