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Book 12 – Chapter 140
BORI CE: 12-140-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-142-001 युधिष्ठिर उवाच यदि घोरं समुद्दिष्टमश्रद्धयमिवानृतम् |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said If such a terrible act which should always be discarded like falsehood, be pointed (as duty), then what act is there from which I should forbear? Why also should not robbers then be honoured? |
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BORI CE: 12-140-002 संमुह्यामि विषीदामि धर्मो मे शिथिलीकृतः |
MN DUTT: 07-142-002 सम्मुह्यामि विषीदामि धर्मो मे शिथिलीकृतः |
M. N. Dutt: I am stupefied! My heart is pained. All the bonds that tie me to morality are loosened. I cannot compose my mind and dare act in the way pointed out by you. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-003 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-142-003 भीष्म उवाच नैतच्छ्रुत्वाऽऽगमादेव तव धर्मानुशासनम् |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said I do not instruct you regarding duty, taught by what I have heard from the Vedas alone. What I have told you is the result of wisdom and experience. This is the honey that the learned have gleaned. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-004 बह्व्यः प्रतिविधातव्याः प्रज्ञा राज्ञा ततस्ततः |
MN DUTT: 07-142-004 बयः प्रतिविधातव्याः प्रज्ञा राज्ञा ततस्ततः! नैकशाखेन धर्मेण यत्रैषा सम्प्रवर्तते |
M. N. Dutt: Kings should collect wisdom from various sources. One cannot go successfully through the worldly course with the help of a one-sided morality. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-005 बुद्धिसंजननं राज्ञां धर्ममाचरतां सदा |
MN DUTT: 07-142-005 बुद्धिसंजननो धर्म आचारश्च सतां सदा |
M. N. Dutt: Duty must originate from the understanding and the practices of the good should always be determined, O son of Kuru. Obey these words of mine. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-006 बुद्धिश्रेष्ठा हि राजानो जयन्ति विजयैषिणः |
MN DUTT: 07-142-006 वुद्धिश्रेष्ठा हि राजानश्चरन्ति विजयैषिणः |
M. N. Dutt: Only kings of superior intelligence can rule, cxpccting victory. A king by the help of his understanding and guided by knowledge gathered from various sources, should so arrange that inoral laws may be observed. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-007 नैकशाखेन धर्मेण राज्ञां धर्मो विधीयते |
MN DUTT: 07-142-007 नैकशाखेन धर्मेण राज्ञो धर्मो विधीयते |
M. N. Dutt: The duties of a king can never be satisfied by rules drawn from a one-sided morality. A weak king can never show wisdom for his not having drawn it from the examples before him. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-008 अद्वैधज्ञः पथि द्वैधे संशयं प्राप्तुमर्हति |
MN DUTT: 07-142-008 अद्वैधज्ञः पथि द्वैधे संशयं प्राप्तुमर्हति |
M. N. Dutt: Righteousness sometimes appears like unrighteousness. The latter also some-times appears like the former. He who does not know this, becomes confused when an actual instance presents itself before him. Before the time comes, one should, O Bharata, understand the circumstances, under which righteousness and its opposite become confused. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-009 पार्श्वतःकरणं प्रज्ञा विषूची त्वापगा इव |
MN DUTT: 07-142-009 पार्श्वतः करणं प्राज्ञो विम्भित्वा प्रकारयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: Having gained this knowledge, a wise king should, when the time comes, act accordingly, helped by his judgement. His acts at such a time are misunderstood by ordinary people. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-010 सम्यग्विज्ञानिनः केचिन्मिथ्याविज्ञानिनोऽपरे |
MN DUTT: 07-142-010 अमिथ्याज्ञानिनः केचिन्मिथ्याविज्ञानिनः परे |
M. N. Dutt: Some persons are endued with true knowledge. Some persons have false knowledge. Truly determining the nature of each kind of knowledge, a wise king derives knowledge from the good. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-011 परिमुष्णन्ति शास्त्राणि धर्मस्य परिपन्थिनः |
MN DUTT: 07-142-011 परिमुष्णन्ति शास्त्राणि धर्मस्य परिपन्थिनः |
M. N. Dutt: The violators of moral laws find fault with the scriptures. They who have themselves no money, point out the inconsistencies of the works on the laws of wealth. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-012 आजिजीविषवो विद्यां यशस्कामाः समन्ततः |
MN DUTT: 07-142-012 आजिजीविषवो विद्यां यशःकामौ समन्ततः |
M. N. Dutt: Those who wish to gain knowledge merely for carrying their sustenance, are, o king, sinful, besides being enemies of morality. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-013 अपक्वमतयो मन्दा न जानन्ति यथातथम् |
MN DUTT: 07-142-013 अपक्वमतयो मन्दा न जानन्ति यथातथम् |
M. N. Dutt: Wicked men of unripe understandings, can never know things truly, as persons ignorant of scriptures are unable in all their acts to be guided by reason. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-014 परिमुष्णन्ति शास्त्राणि शास्त्रदोषानुदर्शिनः |
MN DUTT: 07-142-014 परिमुष्णन्ति शास्त्राणि शास्त्रदोषानुदर्शिनः |
M. N. Dutt: Always seeing the faults of the scriptures, they decry them. Even if they understand the true import of the scriptures, they are still in the habit of saying that scriptural injunctions are unsound. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-015 निन्दया परविद्यानां स्वां विद्यां ख्यापयन्ति ये |
MN DUTT: 07-142-015 निन्दया परविद्यानां स्वविद्यां ख्यापयन्ति च |
M. N. Dutt: By decrying the knowledge of others, such men announce the superiority of their own knowledge. They have words for their weapons and arrows and speak, as if they are well grounded in those sciences. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 07-142-016 तान् विद्यावणिजो विद्धि राक्षसानिव भारत |
M. N. Dutt: Consider them, O Bharata, as traders in learning and Rakshasas among men. By the help of mere pretext they renounce that morality, which has been established by good and wise men. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-016 व्याजेन कृत्स्नो विदितो धर्मस्ते परिहास्यते BORI CE: 12-140-017 इति बार्हस्पतं ज्ञानं प्रोवाच मघवा स्वयम् BORI CE: 12-140-018 स्वविनीतेन शास्त्रेण व्यवस्यन्ति तथापरे BORI CE: 12-140-019 समुद्दिष्टं सतां धर्मं स्वयमूहेन्न पण्डितः BORI CE: 12-140-020 शास्त्रं प्राज्ञस्य वदतः समूहे यात्यदर्शनम् BORI CE: 12-140-021 अज्ञानाज्ज्ञानहेतुत्वाद्वचनं साधु मन्यते BORI CE: 12-140-022 दैतेयानुशनाः प्राह संशयच्छेदने पुरा BORI CE: 12-140-023 तेन त्वं छिन्नमूलेन कं तोषयितुमर्हसि BORI CE: 12-140-024 उग्रायैव हि सृष्टोऽसि कर्मणे न त्ववेक्षसे |
MN DUTT: 07-142-016 तान् विद्यावणिजो विद्धि राक्षसानिव भारत MN DUTT: 07-142-017 न धर्मवचनं वाचा नैव बुद्ध्येति नः श्रुतम् MN DUTT: 07-142-018 न त्वेव वचनं किंचिदनिमित्तादिहोच्यते MN DUTT: 07-142-019 लोकयात्रामिहैके तु धर्मं प्राहुर्मनीषिणः MN DUTT: 07-142-020 अमर्षाच्छास्त्रसम्मोहादविज्ञानाच्च भारत MN DUTT: 07-142-021 आगतागमया बुद्ध्या वचनेन प्रशस्यते MN DUTT: 07-142-022 अनया हतमेवेदमिति शास्त्रमपार्थकम् MN DUTT: 07-142-023 ज्ञानमप्यपदिश्यं हि यथा नास्ति तथैव तत् MN DUTT: 07-142-024 अनव्यवहितं यो वा नेदं वाक्यमुपाश्नुते MN DUTT: 07-142-025 अङ्ग मामन्ववेक्षस्व राजन्याय बुभूषते |
M. N. Dutt: Consider them, O Bharata, as traders in learning and Rakshasas among men. By the help of mere pretext they renounce that morality, which has been established by good and wise men. We have heard that the texts of morality cannot be understood by either discussion or one's own intelligence. Indra himself has said that such is the opinion of the sage Brihaspati. Some hold that no scriptural text has been written without a reason, Others again, even if they properly understand the scriptures, never follow them. One section of wise men say that morality is nothing else than the approved conduct of the world. The man of true knowledge should find out for himself the moral laws laid down for the good. If even a wise man speaks of morality when he is angry or bewildered or ignorant, his speech produces no effect. Discourses on morality made with the help of an intelligent understanding of the true letter and spirit of the scriptures, should be lauded and not those which are made with the help of anything else. Sensible words, even if heard from an ignorant person, are regarded as pious and wise. In days of yore, Ushanas said to the Daityas this truth, which dispels all doubts, that scriptures are no scriptures if they cannot stand the crucible test of reason. The possession or absence of doubtful, knowledge is the same thing. You should root out and drive off such knowledge. He who does not listen to these words of minc, is to be known as one who has suffered himself to be misguided. Do you not observe that you were created for the performance of terrific deeds? See me, O dear child, how, by following the duties of my own order, I have sent innumerable Kshatriyas to heaven! There are some who are not pleased with me for this. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-025 अजोऽश्वः क्षत्रमित्येतत्सदृशं ब्रह्मणा कृतम् |
MN DUTT: 07-142-026 अजोऽश्वः क्षत्रमित्येतत् सदृशं ब्रह्मणा कृतम् |
M. N. Dutt: Goat, horse, and Kshatriya, were created by Brahman for the same purpose (of being useful to everybody). A Kshatriya, therefore, should always seek the happiness of all creatures. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-026 यस्त्ववध्यवधे दोषः स वध्यस्यावधे स्मृतः |
MN DUTT: 07-142-027 यस्त्ववध्यवधे दोषः स वध्यस्यावधे स्मृतः |
M. N. Dutt: The sin of killing a person unworthy of being killed is tantamount to that which is incurred by not killing one who deserves to be killed. Such is the established order of things which a weak-minded king never thinks of attending to. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-027 तस्मात्तीक्ष्णः प्रजा राजा स्वधर्मे स्थापयेदुत |
MN DUTT: 07-142-028 तस्मात् तीक्ष्णः प्रजा राजा स्वधर्मे स्थापयेत् ततः |
M. N. Dutt: Therefore, a king should force all his subjects to observe their respective duties. If this is not done, they will prowl like wolves, devouring one another, |
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BORI CE: 12-140-028 यस्य दस्युगणा राष्ट्रे ध्वाङ्क्षा मत्स्याञ्जलादिव |
MN DUTT: 07-142-029 यस्य दस्युगणा राष्ट्र ध्वांक्षा मत्स्यान् जलादिव |
M. N. Dutt: He is a wretch among Kshatriyas in whose kingdom robbers go about pillaging the property of other people like crows taking little fishes from water. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-029 कुलीनान्सचिवान्कृत्वा वेदविद्यासमन्वितान् |
MN DUTT: 07-142-030 कुलीनान् सचिवान् कृत्वा वेदविद्यासमन्वितान् |
M. N. Dutt: Appointing high-born men with Vedic knowledge as your ministers, do you govern the Earth, protecting your subjects piously. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-030 विहीनजमकर्माणं यः प्रगृह्णाति भूमिपः |
MN DUTT: 07-142-031 विहीनं कर्मणान्यायं यः प्रगृह्णाति भूमिपः |
M. N. Dutt: That Kshatriya who, innocent of the established customs and contrivances, improperly taxes his people, is considered as a eunuch of his order. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-031 नैवोग्रं नैव चानुग्रं धर्मेणेह प्रशस्यते |
MN DUTT: 07-142-032 नैवोग्रं नैव चानुग्रं धर्मेणेह प्रशस्यते |
M. N. Dutt: A king should neither be severe nor mild. If he rules fairly he deserves praise. A king should not renounce both that qualities; on the other hand, becoming severe when (it is necessary), he should be mild when it is necessary to be so. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-032 कष्टः क्षत्रियधर्मोऽयं सौहृदं त्वयि यत्स्थितम् |
MN DUTT: 07-142-033 कष्टः क्षत्रियधर्मोऽयं सौहृदं त्वयि मे स्थितम् |
M. N. Dutt: The observance of Kshatriya duties is highly difficult. I love you greatly. You are created for the performance of severe acts. Therefore, do you rule kingdom. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-033 अशिष्टनिग्रहो नित्यं शिष्टस्य परिपालनम् |
MN DUTT: 07-142-034 अशिष्टनिग्रहो नित्यं शिष्टस्य परिपालनम् |
M. N. Dutt: The highly intelligent Shakra has said that in times of distress the great duty of a king is to punish the wicked and protect the good. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-034 युधिष्ठिर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-142-035 युधिष्ठिर उवाच अस्ति चेदिह मर्यादा यामन्यो नाभिलवयेत् |
M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said Is there any such rule (regarding royal duties) which should, under no circumstances) be violated? I ask you this, O foremost of virtuous persons! Tell me, O grandfather. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-035 भीष्म उवाच |
MN DUTT: 07-142-036 भीष्म उवाच ब्राह्मणानेव सेवेत विद्यावृद्धास्तपस्विनः |
M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said One should always adore Brahmanas respected for learning, devoted to penances, and observant of Vedic injunctions. This, indeed, is a high and sacred duty. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-036 या देवतासु वृत्तिस्ते सास्तु विप्रेषु सर्वदा |
MN DUTT: 07-142-037 या देवतासु वृत्तिस्ते सास्तु विप्रेषु नित्यदा |
M. N. Dutt: You should always treat the Brahmanas like the gods. The Brahmanas, if enraged, can inflict pains in a variety of ways, O King. |
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BORI CE: 12-140-037 तेषां प्रीत्या यशो मुख्यमप्रीत्या तु विपर्ययः |
MN DUTT: 07-142-038 प्रीत्या यशो भवेन्मुख्यमप्रीत्या परमं भयम् |
M. N. Dutt: If they be pleased, you will win high fame. If otherwise, great will be your fear. If pleased, the Brahmanas become like ambrosia. If enraged, they become like poison. |
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