Mahābhārata

M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said O grandfather you are endued with great wisdom and thoroughly grounded in every branch of learning. From this very narrative of the destruction of Vritra the wish has arisen in my mind of asking you a question.

M. N. Dutt: You have said, O king, that Vritra was Stupefied by Fever, and that then, O sinless one, he was killed by Vasava with the thunderboli.

M. N. Dutt: How did this Fever, O you of great wisdom, originale, O lord, I wish to hear fully of the origin of Fever,

M. N. Dutt: Listen, O king, to the origin, known all over the world, of Fever! I shall describe fully this topic, fully explaining how Fever first came into existence, O Bharata.

M. N. Dutt: In days of yore, O king, there was a summit, named Savitri, of the mountains of Meru. Adored of all the worlds, it was endued with great effulgence and adorned with every sort of jewels and gems.

M. N. Dutt: That summit was immeasurable in extent and no one could go there. On that mountain summit the divine Mahadeva used to sit shiningly as if on a bed-stead adorned with gold.

M. N. Dutt: That summit was immeasurable in extent and no one could go there. On that mountain summit the divine Mahadeva used to sit shiningly as if on a bed-stead adorned with gold. Sitting by his side, the daughter of the king of mountains shone in brilliance. The great gods, the Vasus of immeasurable energy, the great Ashvins, those foremost of physicians, and king Vaishravana attended by many a Guhyaka,-that king of the Yakshas, endued with prosperity and power, and having his abode on the suminit of Kailasa,-all waited upon the great Mahadeva. And the great sage Ushanas, and the foremost of Rishis headed by Sanatkumara, and the other celestial Rishis headed by Angiras, and the Gandharva Vishvavasu, and Narada and Parvata, and the various clans of Apsaras, all came there to wait upon the king of the universe.

Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version.

M. N. Dutt: Sitting by his side, the daughter of the king of mountains shone in brilliance. The great gods, the Vasus of immeasurable energy, the great Ashvins, those foremost of physicians, and king Vaishravana attended by many a Guhyaka,-that king of the Yakshas, endued with prosperity and power, and having his abode on the suminit of Kailasa,-all waited upon the great Mahadeva. And the great sage Ushanas, and the foremost of Rishis headed by Sanatkumara, and the other celestial Rishis headed by Angiras, and the Gandharva Vishvavasu, and Narada and Parvata, and the various clans of Apsaras, all came there to wait upon the king of the universe.

M. N. Dutt: A pure and auspicious air carrying various sorts of perfumes, blew there. The trees that stood there were adorned with the flowers of all seasons.

M. N. Dutt: A large number of Vidyadharas, Siddhas and ascetics, too, O Bharata, went there for waiting upon Mahadeva, that Lord of all creatures.

M. N. Dutt: Many ghosts also, of various forms and aspects, and many fearful Rakshasas and powerful Pishachas, of various forms, mad with joy, and armed with various sorts of uplifted weapons forming the train of Mahadeva, were there, every one of whom looked like a blazing fire energy.

M. N. Dutt: The illustrious Nandi stood there obeying the great god, shining with his own energy and armed with a lance that resembled a flame of fire.

M. N. Dutt: Ganga, also, that foremost of all Rivers and originating from all sacred waters in the universe, waited there in her embodied form, O son of Kuru, upon that illustrious gods.

M. N. Dutt: Thus worshipped by the celestial Rishis and the gods, the illustrious Mahadeva of great energy lived on that summit of Meru.

M. N. Dutt: After sometime had gone away, the Prajapati Daksha began to celebrate a sacrifice according to ancient rites.

M. N. Dutt: All the gods in a body headed by Sakra, resolved to repair to that sacrifice of Daksha.

M. N. Dutt: We have heard that the great gods ordered by Mahadeva, mounted their celestial cars resembling the fire or the Sun in sheen, and proceeded to that spot whence the Ganges is said to issue.

M. N. Dutt: Seeing the deities depart, the excellent daughter of the king of mountains, addressed her divine husband, viz., the Lord of all creatures, and said, O illustrious one, who are those gods headed by Shakra going? O you who know the truth, tell me truly, for a great doubt has possessed my mind.

M. N. Dutt: Maheshvara said 0 highly blessed lady, the excellent Prajapati Daksha is worshipping the gods in a House Sacrifice! These Dwellers of heaven are going there.

M. N. Dutt: Uma said Why, O Mahadeva do you not go to that Sacrifice? What objection is there of your going to that place?

M. N. Dutt: O highly blessed lady, the gods in days of yore made a compact by virtue of which no share was allotted to me of offerings in all Sacrifices.

M. N. Dutt: According to that arrangement, O fair one, the gods do not give me, following the old custom, any share of the sacrificial offerings!

M. N. Dutt: Uma said-O illustrious one, among all gods, you are the foremost in prowess. In merit, in energy, in fame, and in prosperity you are second to none, and you are, indeed superior to all.

M. N. Dutt: On account, however, of this disability regarding a share I am filled with great grief, O sinless one, and a treinour fills me from head to foot.

M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said Having said these words to her consort, the Lord of all creatures, O monarch, the goddess Parvati remained silent, her heart burning the while in grief.

M. N. Dutt: Then, understanding what was in her heart and what her thoughts were (for wiping off that disgrace), Mahadeva addressed Nandi, saying,-Wait here.

M. N. Dutt: Summoning all his Yoga powers, that Lord of all lords of Yoga, that god of gods, that holder of Pinaka, possessed of great energy, quickly proceeded to the place accompanied by all his dreadful followers and destroyed that Sacrifice. Of these followers of his, some yelled, and some laughed terribly, and some, O king, extinguished the fires with blood; and some, having dreadful faces, pulling up the sacrificial stakes, began to whirl them. Others began to devour those that were celebrating the Sacrifices.

M. N. Dutt: Then thus afflicted on every side, that Sacrifice, assumed the form of a deer and tried to fly away through the firmanent.

M. N. Dutt: Learning that the Sacrifice was running away in that form, the powerful Mahadeva began to pursue him with bow and sorrow.

M. N. Dutt: On account of the ire which then filled the heart of that foremost of all gods, possessed of matchless energy, a dreadful drop of sweat appeared on his forehead.

M. N. Dutt: When the drop of sweat fell down on the Earth, there immediately appeared a blazing fire resembling the conflagration that appears at the end of the cycle.

M. N. Dutt: From that fire came out a dreadful being, O king of very short stature, having blood-red cyes and a green beard.

M. N. Dutt: His body was covered all over with hair like a hawk's or an owl's and his hair stood erect. Of dreadful form, his complexion was dark and his dress blood-red. Like a fire burning a heap of dry grass or straw, that Being of high energy speedily consumed the embodied form of Sacrifice.

Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version.

M. N. Dutt: Having performed that feat, he then rushed towards the gods and the Rishis that had gathered there. The gods filled with fear, fled on all sides. The earth shook with that Being's tread, O King, O foremost of Bharata's race.

Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version.

M. N. Dutt: Exclamation of 'Oh' and 'Alas' arose throughout the universe. Marking this, the before powerful Grandfather, appearing Mahadeva, addressed him thus.

M. N. Dutt: O powerful one, the deities will henceforth give you a share of the sacrificial offerings! O Lord of all the gods, let this anger of yours be withdrawn by you.

M. N. Dutt: O scorcher of enemies, there, those gods, and the Rishis, on account of your anger, O Mahadeva, have become greatly agitated.

M. N. Dutt: This Being, also, that has originated from your sweat, O foremost of gods, shall walk among creatures, O righteous-souled one, under the name of Fever.

M. N. Dutt: O powerful one, if the energy of this Being remains intact, then the entire Earth herself will not be able to bear him. Let him, therefore, be divided into many parts.

M. N. Dutt: When Brahman had said these words, and when his proper share was appointed of the sacrificial offerings, Mahadeva replied to the Grandfather of great energy, saying,-So be it.

M. N. Dutt: Indeed, the holder of Pinaka, viz., Bhava, smiled and became filled with joy. And he accepted the share that the Grandfather settled the offerings in sacrifices.

M. N. Dutt: Knowing the constituents of everything, Mahadeva then divided. Fever into many parts, for the peace of all creatures. Listen, O son, as how he did this.

M. N. Dutt: The heat in the heads of elephants, the bitumen of mountains, the moss that floats on water, the slough of snakes, the sores that appear in the hoofs of bulls, the barren tracts of Earth full of saline matter, the dullness of vision of all animals, the diseases in the throats of horses, the crests appearing on the heads of peacocks, the eye-disease of the koel, each of these was named Fever by the great Mahadeva.

M. N. Dutt: This is what we have heard. The liverdisease also of sheep, and the hiccup of parrots are also known as forms of Fever. To this must be added the toil that tigers suffer, for that also, O righteous king, is known as a forms of Fever.

M. N. Dutt: Besides these, O Bharata, amongst men, Fever, enters all bodies at the time of birth, of death, and on other occasions.

M. N. Dutt: This Fever is known to be the dreadful power of Maheshvara. He has authority over all creatures and should, therefore, be respected and adored by all.

M. N. Dutt: It was by him that Vritra, that foremost of virtuous persons, was possessed when he yawned. It was then that Shakra discharged his thunderbolt at him.

M. N. Dutt: The thunderbolt, entering the body of Vritra, O Bharata, divided him in two parts. Divided in two by the thunderbolt, the great Asura endued with great Yoga powers, went to the region of Vishnu of great energy.

M. N. Dutt: It was on account of his devotion to Vishnu that he had succeeded in overwhelming the whole universe. And it was owing to his devotion to Vishnu that he ascended, when killed, to the region of Vishnu.

M. N. Dutt: Thus, O son, while describing the story of Vritra have I recited to you fully the narrative of Fever! What else shall I describe to you?

M. N. Dutt: That man who will read this account of the origin of Fever with rapt attention and cheerful heart shall become free from disease and shall always have happiness for his lot. Filled with joy he shall have all his wishes gratified.

M. N. Dutt: Janamejaya said How, O Brahmana, was the Horse-sacrifice of the Prajapati Daksha, the son of Prachetas, destroyed during the time of Vaivasvata Manu?

M. N. Dutt: Understanding that the goddess Uma had become filled with ire and grief, the powerful Mahadeva, who is the soul of all things, yielded to anger. How, again, through his grace, was Daksha enabled to gather again the divided limbs of that Sacrifice? I wish to know all this, Tell me all this, O Brahmana, truely as it took place.

M. N. Dutt: Vaishampayana said, In days of yore Daksha made arrangements for celebrating a Sacrifice on the breast of Himavat in that sacred region inhabited by Rishis and Siddhas where the Ganges comes out of the mountains.

M. N. Dutt: Over-grown with trees and creepers of various sorts, that place abounded with Gandharvas and Apsaras. Sorrounded by numbers of Rishis, Daksha, that best of virtuous men, that progenitor of creatures, was attended by the denizens of the Earth, the sky, and the celestial region, with their hands joined together in respect.

M. N. Dutt: The gods, the Danavas, the Gandharvas, the Pishachas, the Nagas, the Rakshasas, the two Gandharvas named Haha and Huhu, Tumvuru and Narada, Vishvavasu, Vishvasena, The Gandharvas and the Apsaras, the Adityas, the Vasus, the Rudras, the Saddhyas, the Maruts, all came there with Indra for sharing in the Sacrifices. The Drinkers of heat, the drinkers of Soma, the drinkers of smoke, the drinkers of sacrificial juice, the Rishis, and the departed manes, came there with the Brahmanas. These, and many other living creatures belonging to the four orders, viz., viviparous and oviparous and fifth-born and vegetable, were invited to that Sacrifice. The gods also, with their wives respectfully invited thereto, came on their celestial cars and seated thereon shone like burning fires.

M. N. Dutt: Seeing them, the Rishi Dadhichi became filled with grief and anger and said,—'This is neither a Sacrifice nor a meritorious rite of religion, since Rudra is not worshipped in it.

M. N. Dutt: You are certainly exposing yourselves to death and chains! Alas, how unfavourable is the time! Stupefied by mistake you do not see that destruction awaits you! A terrible calamity will overtake you in course of this great Sacrifice! You are blind to it.

M. N. Dutt: Having said these words, that great Yogin saw the future with eyes of contemplation. He saw Mahadeva, and his divine consort, viz., that giver of excellent boons, with the great Narada sitting beside the goddess. Conversant with Yoga, Dadhichi became highly pleased, having ascertained what was about to take place.

M. N. Dutt: All the gods and others that had come there held the same opinion, regarding the omission to invite the Lord of all creatures. Dadhichi alone, desirous of leaving that place then said,—By adoring one who should not be adored, and by refusing to adore him who should be adored, a man incurs the sin of homicide for ever.

M. N. Dutt: I have never before spoken an untruth, and an untruth I shall never speak. Here in the midst of the gods and the Rishis I say the truth.

M. N. Dutt: The Protector of all creatures, the Creator of the universe, the Lord of all, the powerful master, the taker of sacrificial offerings, will soon come to this Sacrifice and you all shall behold him.

M. N. Dutt: Dhaksha said-We have many Rudras armed with lances and having matted locks on their heads. They are eleven in number. I know them all, but I do not know who this Maheshvara is.

M. N. Dutt: Dadhichi said This seems to be the advice of all that are here, namely, that Maheshvara should not be invited. As, however, I do not see any god that can be said to be superior to him, I am sure that this proposed Sacrifice of Daksha will surely be destroyed. a

M. N. Dutt: Daksha said Here, in this golden vessel, intended for the Lord of all Sacrifices is the sacrificial offering sanctified by Mantras and according to the ordinance. I wish to make this offering to Vishnu who is peerless. He is powerful and the Master of all, and to Him should sacrifices be offered.

M. N. Dutt: Uma said What are those gifts, what those vows, and what those penances, that I should practise by means of which my illustrious consort may be able to get a half or a third share of the offerings in sacrifices. are

M. N. Dutt: To his wife who was moved with grief and who repeated these words the illustrious Mahadeva said with a delighted face. You do not know me, O goddess! You do not know, 0 you of delicate limbs, and low belly, what words are proper to be said to Lord of Sacrifices.

M. N. Dutt: O lady having large eyes, I know that it is only the sinful, who shorn of contemplation, that do not understand me. It is through your power of illusion that the gods headed by Indra and the three worlds all become stupefied.

M. N. Dutt: It is to me that the chaunters offer their praises in Sacrifices. It is to me that the Samansingers sing their Rathantaras. It is to me that Brahmanas knowing the Vedas celebrate their Sacrifices. And it is to me that the Addharyus offer the shares of sacrificial offerings.

M. N. Dutt: The goddess said Persons of even ordinary powers applaud themselves and brag before their wives. There is no doubt in this.

M. N. Dutt: O Queen of all the gods, I do not certainly speak highly of my own self. See now, O lady of slender waist, what I do. Look at the Being that I will create, O you of the fairest complexion, for destroying this Sacrifice, O my beautiful wife!

M. N. Dutt: Having said these words to his wife Uma, who was dearer to him than his own life, the powerful Mahadeva created from his mouth a dreadful Being whose very sight could make one's hair stand erect.

M. N. Dutt: Maheshvara answered him, telling,-Go and destroy the Sacrifice of Daksha. Thus commanded, that Being of leonine powers who had come out from the mouth of Mahadeva wished to destroy the Sacrifice of Daksha, without displaying all his energy and without the help of anyone else, for removing the anger of Uma.

M. N. Dutt: Urged by her anger, the wife of Maheshvara, herself assuming a dreadful form known by the name of Mahakali, proceeded in the company of that Being who had come out from Mahadeva's mouth, for beholding with her own eyes the acts of destruction which was her own. That powerful Being, then started having gained the permission of Mahadeva and having bowed his head to him.

M. N. Dutt: name In energy, strength, and form, he took after Maheshvara himself who had created him. Indeed, he was the living embodiment of (Mahadeva's) anger.

M. N. Dutt: Of great might, energy, courage and prowess, he passed by the of Virabhadra—that dispeller of the goddess's anger. He then created from the pores of his body a large number of spirits known by the name of Raumyas.

M. N. Dutt: Those dreadful spirits, endued with terrible energy and prowess and resembling Rudra himself, rushed with the force of thunder to that place where Daksha was making preparations for his sacrifice, moved by the desire of destroying it. Having hundreds and thousands in number.

M. N. Dutt: They filled the sky with their confused cries and shrieks. That noise filled the dwellers of heaven with fear.

M. N. Dutt: The very mountains were riven and the Earth shook. Whirlwinds began to blow. The Ocean rose in a surge.

M. N. Dutt: The fires that were lighted refused to blaze up. The Sun became dimmed. The Planets, the stars, and constellations, and the Moon, no longer shone.

M. N. Dutt: The Rishis, the gods, and human beings, looked pale. A universal darkness covered the Earth and sky. The insulted Rudras began to put fire to everything.

M. N. Dutt: Some amongst them of terrible form began to smite and strike. Some tore up the sacrificial stakes. Some began to grind and others to crush.

M. N. Dutt: Gifted with the speed of wind or thought, some began to rush close and far. Some began to break the sacrificial vessels and the divine ornaments. The scattered fragments covered the ground like stars bespangling the firmament.

M. N. Dutt: Heaps of excellent dishes, of bottles of drink, and of edibles there were that looked like mountains. Rivers of milk ran on all sides, with clarified butter and porridge for their mire, creamy curds for their water, and crystallised sugar for their sands. Those rivers had all the six tastes. There were lakes of treacle that looked highly beautiful.

M. N. Dutt: Meat of various sorts, of the best quality, and other edibles of various sorts, and many excellent sorts of drink, and several other sorts of food that might be licked and sucked, began to be eaten by those spirits with various mouths. And they began to cast off and scatter those food in all directions. On account of Rudra's anger, every one of those gigantic Beings appeared like the all-destructive cyclefire.

M. N. Dutt: Agitating the celestial troops they made them tremble with fear and fly away on all sides. Those dreadful spirits sported with one another, and seizing the celestial damsels shoved and hurled them on all sides.

M. N. Dutt: Of terrific deeds, those Reings, urged on by Rudra's anger very soon burnt, that Sacrifice although it was protected with great care by all the gods.

M. N. Dutt: They sent up loud roars which filled every living creature with fear. Having torn off the head of Sacrifice they began to cry aloud in joy.

M. N. Dutt: Then the gods headed by Brahman, and that progenitor of creatures, viz., Daksha, joining their hands in reverence, addressed that powerful Being, saying,-"Tell us, who you are."

M. N. Dutt: Virabhadra said I am neither Rudra nor his consort the goddess Uma. Nor have I come here for partaking of the food. Knowing the fact of Uma's anger, the powerful Lord who is the soul of all creatures has yielded to anger.

M. N. Dutt: I have not come here for seeing these foremost of Brahmanas. I have not come here impelled by curiosity. Know that I have come here for destroying this Sacrifice of yours.

M. N. Dutt: I am known by the name of Virabhadra and I have originated from the anger of Rudra. This lady who is called Bhadrakali, has originated from the anger of the goddess. We have both been sent by that god of gods, and we have accordingly come here.

M. N. Dutt: O foremost of Brahmanas, seek the protection of that Lord of the gods, he consort of Uma! It is better to incur even the anger of that foremost of gods than to obtain boons from any god.

M. N. Dutt: Hearing the words of Virabhadra, Daksha, that foremost of all pious men, bewed down unto Maheshvara and sought to please him by uttering the following hymn.

M. N. Dutt: I throw myself at the feet of the effulgent Ishana, who is Eternal, Immutable, and Indestructible; who is the foremost of all gods, who has a high soul, who is the Lord of all the universe.

M. N. Dutt: His praises having thus been hymned, the great god, Mahadeva, suspending the two vital airs-Prana and Apana—by shutting his mouth properly, and casting his eyes graciously on all sides, appeared there. Having many eyes, that conqueror of all enemies, that Lord of even the gods of all gods, suddenly arose from within the pit in which was kept the sacrificial fire.

M. N. Dutt: Endued with the effulgence of a thousand Suns, and loO king like another Samvartaka, the great god smiled gently (at Daksha) and addressing him, said 'What, O Brahmana, shall I do for you?'

M. N. Dutt: At this time, the preceptor of all the gods worshipped Mahadeva with the Vedic verses contained in the Moksha sections. Then that progenitor of all creatures, viz., Daksha, joining his hands in respect, filled with dread and fear, highly moved and with face and eyes bathed in tears, addressed the great god in the

M. N. Dutt: Daksha said am If the great god has been pleased with me,-if, indeed, I have become an object of favour with him,-if I worthy of kindness,-if the great lord of all creatures is ready to grant me boons, then let all these articles of mine that have been burnt, eaten, drunk, swallowed, destroyed, broken, and polluted,-let all these articles, collected in many long years, and with great care and exertion, prove useless! Let these articles be of use to me! Even this is the boon I pray for! The illustrious Hara, the tearer of Bhaga's eyes, said to him,-'Let it be as you say!' these were the words of that illustrious progenitor of all creatures, that god of three eyes, that protector of virtue.

M. N. Dutt: Having gained that boon from Bhava, Daksha knelt down to him and adored that god having the bull for his emblem uttering his thousand and eight names.

M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said You should, O sire, tell me those names by which Daksha, that progenitor of creatures, worshipped the great god, O sinless one, a respectful curiosity urges me to hear them.

M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said Hear, O Bharata, what the names, both secret and public, are of that god of gods, that god of extraordinary feats, that ascetic of secret VOWS.

M. N. Dutt: Daksha said-I bow to you, O lord of all the gods of gods, to the destroyer of the forces of the Asuras! You are the paralyser of the strength of the king of gods himself! You are worshipped by both gods and Danavas.

M. N. Dutt: You are thousand-eyed, you are fierceeyed, and you are three-eyed! You are the friend of the king of the Yakshas, your hands and feet extend in all directions to all places. Your eyes also and head, mouth are on all sides.

M. N. Dutt: Your ears too are everywhere in the universe and you are yourself everywhere, O Lord! You are shaft-eared you are large-eared, and you are pot-eared! You are the receptacle of the Ocean.

M. N. Dutt: Your ears are like those of the elephant, or of the bull, or like extended palms. Adoration to you. You have a hundred stomachs, a hundred revolutions, and a hundred tongues. I bow to you.

M. N. Dutt: The utterers of the Gayatri sing your praises in ultering the Gayatri, and the worshippers of the Sun worship you in adoring the Sun. The Rishis consider you as Brahman, as Indra, and as the sky above.

M. N. Dutt: O you of mighty forin, the Ocean and the Sky are your two forms. All the gods live in your two forms. All the gods live in your form as kine dwell within the fold.

M. N. Dutt: In your body I see Soma, Agni, the king of the Waters, Aditya, Vishnu, Brahman, and Brihaspati.

M. N. Dutt: You, O illustrious one, are Cause and Effect and Action and Instrument of everything unreal and real, and you are Creation and Destruction.

M. N. Dutt: I bow to you who are called Bhava, Sharva, and Rudra. I bow to you who are the giver of boons. I bow always to you who are the Lord of all creatures. Salutations to you who are the slayer of Andhaka.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who have three matted locks, to you who have three heads, to you who are armed with an excellent trident; to you who have three eyes and who are, therefore, called Tryamvaka and Trinetra! Salutations to you who are the destroyer of the triple city!

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are called Chanda, and Kunda; you who are the (universal) egg and also the bearer of the (universal) egg; to you who are the holder of the ascetic's stick, to you who have ears everywhere, and to you who are called Dandimunda:

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you whose teeth and hair are turned upwards, to you who are stainless and white, and who are stretched all over the universe; to you who are red, to you who are tawny and to you who have a blue throat,

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are of incomparable form, who are of dreadful form, and who are highly auspicious! To you who are the sun, who have a garland of suns round your neck and who have standards and flags bearing the device of the sun.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are the Lord of spirits and ghosts, to you who are bullnecked, and who are armed with the bow; to you who crush all enemies, to you who are the personification of chastisement, and to you who are clad in leaves and rags.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who have gold in your stomach. To you who are accoutered in golden mail, to you who are gold-created, to you who are the lord of all the gold in the world.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who have been worshipped, who are worthy of adorations, and who are still being adored; to you who are all things, who devour all things, and who are the soul of all things.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are the Hotri (in sacrifices), who are the (Vedic) Mantras uttered (in sacrifices), and who own white flags and standards. Salutations to you who are the navel of the universe, who are both cause and effect in the form of the five primal elements, and who are the coverer of all covers.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations called Krishanasha, who are of thin limbs, and who are thin. Salutations to you who are always cheerful and who are the personification of sounds and voices.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are about to be stretched on the Earth, who are already stretched, and who stand erect. Salutations to you who are fixed, who are running, who are bald, and who have matted locks on your head.

M. N. Dutt: Salutation to you who are fond of dancing a:d who beat puffed cheeks converting the in it! into a druin. Salutations to you who are ind of lotuses that blow in rivers, and who are to you you who are always fond of singing and playing on musical instruments.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are the eldest-born, who are the foremost of all creatures, and who are the crusher of the Asura Vala. Salutations to you who are the Master of Time, who are the personification of Kalpa; who are the embodiment of all kinds of destruction great and small.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who laugh dreadfully and as loud as the beat of a drum, and who practise dreadful vows! Salutations for ever to you who are fierce, and who have ten arms.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are armed with bones and who are fond of the ashes of funeral pyres. Salutation to you who are dreadful, who are horrible to look at, and who are an observer of dreadful, vows and practises.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who have an ugly mouth, who have a tongue resembling a scimitar and who have large teeth. Salutations to you who are fond of both cooked and uncooked meat, and who consider the gourded Vina as highly dear.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who make rain, who help the cause of virtue, who are identifiable with the form of Nandi, and who Righteousness's self! Salutations to you who are ever moving like wind and the other forces, who are the controller of all things, and who are always engaged in coO king all creatures. are

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are the foremost of all creatures, who are supperior, and who are the giver of boons. Salutation to you who have the best of garlands, the best of scents, and the best of dresses, and that givest the best of boons to the best of creatures.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are attached, who are freed from all attachments, who are of the form of Yoga-contemplation, and who are bedecked with a garland of Akshas. Salutations to you who are united as cause and disunited as effects, and who are the forın of shadow and of light.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are amiable, and who are rightful, and who are exceedingly so. Salutations to you who are auspicious, who are tranquil, and who are most tranquil.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who have one leg and many eyes, and only one head; to you who are fierce, to you who are satisfied with little offerings, and you who are fond of equity.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are the maker of the universe, and who are ever united with the attribute of tranquillity. Salutations to you who carry a bell frightening the enemies, who are of the form of the jungle made by a bell, and who are of the form of sound when it is not perceptible by the ear.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are like a thousand bells jingled together, and who are fond of a garland of bells, who are like the sound that the vital airs make, who are of the form of all scents and of the confused noise of boiling liquids.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are above three Huns, and who are fond of two Huns. Salutations to you who are greatly tranquil, and who live under the shade of mountain trees.

M. N. Dutt: You are fond of the heart-flesh of all creatures, who purify all sins and who are of the form of sacrificial offerings. Salutations to you who are of the form of Sacrifice, who are the Sacrificer himself, who are the Brahmana into whose mouth is poured the sacrificial butter, and who are the fire into which is poured the butter inspired with Mantras.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are of the form of (sacrificial) priests, who have your senses under control, who are made of the quality of Goodness, and who have also the quality of Darkness. Salutations to you who are of the form of the banks of Rivers, of Rivers themselves, and of the lord of all Rivers (viz., the Ocean).

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are the giver of food, who are the lord of all food, and who are at one whith him who takes food! Salutations to you who have a thousand heads and a thousand feet; to you who have a thousand tridents uplifted in your hands, and a thousand cyes! Saluatations to you who are how are of the form of the rising Sun, and who are of the form of a child, who are the protector of attendants all of whom are like children, and who are, besides, of the form of children's toys. Salutations to you who are old, who are covetous, who are already agitated, and who are about to be agitated.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who have locks of hair carrying the current of the Ganges, and who have locks of hair resembling blades of Munja grass! Salutations to you who are pleased with the six acts, and who are given to the performance of the three acts.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who have allotted the duties of the various modes of life. Salutations to you who should be praised in sounds, who are of the form of sorrow, and who are of the form of deep and confused noise.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who have eyes both white and tawny, as also dark and red. Salutations to you who have conquered your vital airs, who are of the form of weapons, who rivet all things, and who are greatly lean.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who always describe Religion, Pleasure, Profit, and Liberation. Salutations to you who are a Sankhya, who are the foremost of Sankhyas, and who are the promulgator of the Sankhya Yoga.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who have a car and who are without a car. Salutations to you who have the junction of four roads for your car; to you who have the skin of a black deer for your upper garments, and who have a snake for the sacred thread.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are Ishana, who are of body as hard as adamant, and who are of green locks. Salutations to you who have three eyes, who are the husband of Ambika, who are manifest, and who are Unmanifest.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are Desire, are the Giver of all desires, who are the Killer of all desires, and who are the discriminator between the pleased and the not pleased. Salutations to you who are all things, the Giver of all things, and the Destroyer of all things. Salutations to you who are the colour which appear in the evening sky.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are of great strength, who are of mighty arms, who are a mighty Being, and who are of great effulgence. Salutations to you who look like a huge mass of clouds, and who are the embodiment of eternity. Salutations to you who are of welldeveloped body, who are of emaciated limbs, who bear, matted locks on your head, and who are clad in barks of trees and skins of animals.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who have matted locks as effulgent as the Sun or the Fire, and who have barks and skins for your raiment. Salutations to you who are endued with the effulgence of a thousand Suns, and who are ever engaged in penances.

M. N. Dutt: Salutations to you who are the excitement of Fever and who have matted locks drenched with the waters of the Ganges having hundreds of eddies. Salutations to you who again and again revolve the Moon, the Yugas, and the clouds.

M. N. Dutt: You are food, you are he who eats that food, you are the giver of food, you are the grower of food, and you are the maker of food. Salutations to you who cook food and who cat cooked food, and who are both wind and fire.

M. N. Dutt: O Lord of all the lords of the gods, you are the four orders of living creatures, viz., the viviparous, the oviparous, the filth-born, and vegetables.

M. N. Dutt: You are the Creator of the mobile and the immobile universe, and you their Destroyer. O foremost of all persons conversant with Brahma, they who know Brahma consider you as Brahma.

M. N. Dutt: The Brahmavadins say that you are the Supreme root of Mind, and the Refuge upon which Ether, Air, and Light rest. You are the Richs and the Samans, and the syllable OM.

M. N. Dutt: O foremost of all goods, those Brahmavadins who sing the Samans always sing you when they utter the syllables HayiHayi, Huva-Hayi, and Huva-Hoyi.

M. N. Dutt: You are made up the Yajushes, of the Richs, and of the offerings poured on the sacrificial fire. The hymns of the Vedas and the Upanishads worship you.

M. N. Dutt: You are the Brahmanas and the Kshatriyas, the Vaishyas, and the Shudras, and the other castes formed by inter-mixture. You are the masses of clouds which appear in the sky; you are Lightning; and you are the roar of thunder.

M. N. Dutt: You are the year, you are the seasons, you are the month, and you are the fortnight. You are Yuga, you are the time represented by a twinkle of the eye, you are Kashtha, you are the constellations, you are the Planets, you are Kala.

M. N. Dutt: You are the tops of all tress, you are the highest summits of all mountains. You are the tiger among the lower animals, you are Garuda among birds, and you are Ananta among snakes.

M. N. Dutt: You are the ocean of milk among all oceans, and you the bow among instruments for hurling weapons. You are the thunder among weapons, and you are Truth among vows.

M. N. Dutt: You are Aversion and you are Desire: you are attachment and you are stupefaction of judgement): you are Forgiving and you are Unforgiveness. You are Exertion, and you are Patience: you are Cupidity: you are Lust and you are Anger: you are Victory and you are Defeat.

M. N. Dutt: are You are armed with mace, and you are armed with arrow: you are armed with the bow, and you carry the Khattanga and the Jharjhara in your hands. You are he who cuts down and pierces and smites. You are he who leads (all creatures) and he who gives them pain and grief.

M. N. Dutt: You are Righteousness marked by ten virtues; you are Wealth or Profit of every sort; and you are Pleasure! You are Ganga, you are the Oceans, you are the Rivers, you are the lakes, and you are the tanks.

M. N. Dutt: You are the thin creepers, you are the thicker creepers. you are all kinds of grass, and you are the deciduous herbs. You are all the lower animals and you are the birds. You are the origin of all objects and acts, and you are that season which yields fruits and flowers. You are the beginning and you are the end of the Vedas; you are the Gayatri, and you are OM.

M. N. Dutt: You are Green, you are Red, you are Blue, you are Dark, You are of Bloody colour, you are of the colour of the Sun. You are Tawny, you are Brown, and you are Dark-blue.

M. N. Dutt: You are colourless, you are of the best colour, you are the maker of colours, and you are peerless. You are of the name of Gold, and you are fond of Gold.

M. N. Dutt: You are Indra, you are Yama, you are the Giver of boons, you are the Lord of riches, and you are Agni. You are the Eclipse, you are the Fire called Chitrabhanu, you are Rahu, and you are the Sun.

M. N. Dutt: You are the fire upon which sacrificial butter is poured. You are he who pours the butter. You are He in honour of whom the butter is poured, you are the butter itself that is poured, and you are the powerful Lord of all. You are those sections of the Brahmanas who are called Trisuparna; you are all the Vedas; and you are the sections called Shatarudriya in the Yajushes.

M. N. Dutt: You are the holiest of holies, and the auspicious of all auspicious things. You quicken the inanimate body. You are the Chit that lives in the human body. Invested with qualities, you are liable to Destructions. You are individual soul, that is He who is never liable to destruction when uninvested with attributes. You are full yet you are liable to decay and death in the form of the body which is individual soul's encasement.

M. N. Dutt: You are the breath of life, and you are quality of Goodness, you are Darkness, you are Ignorance, and you are not subject to mistake. You are the vital airs called Prana, Apana, Samana, Udana, and Vyana.

M. N. Dutt: You are the opening of the eye and the shutting of the eye. You are Sneezing and you are Yawning. You are of red eyes which are ever turned inwards. You are of large mouth and large stomach.

M. N. Dutt: The hairs of your body are like needles. Your beard is green. Your hair is turned upwards. You are swifter than the swiftest. You are master of the principals of music both vocal and instrumental, and fond of both and instrumental music.

M. N. Dutt: You are a fish moving in the waters, and you are a fish caught in the net. You are full, you are fond of sports, and you are of the form of all quarrels and disputes. You are Time, you are bad time, you are premature time, and you are over-mature time.

M. N. Dutt: You are the killing, you are the razor, and you are what is killed. You are the auxiliary and you are the adversary, and you are destroyer of both auxiliaries and adversaries. You are the time when clouds appear, you are of large teeth, and you are Samvartaka and Valahaka.

M. N. Dutt: You are manifest in a shining form. You are concealed for being invested with illusion. You are He who links creatures with the fruits of their acts. You have a bell in your hand. You sport with all mobile and immobile things. You are the cause of all causes. You are Brahma, you are Swaha; you are the holder of the rod, your head is bald, and you are he who has his words, deeds, and thoughts under restraint.

M. N. Dutt: You are the four cycles, you are the four Vedas, you are he from whom the four fires have emanated. You are the ordainer of all the duties of the four modes of life. You are the maker of the four Orders.

M. N. Dutt: You are always fond of dice. You are cunning. You are the king of the Various clans of spirits, and their ruler. You are bedecked with red garlands and dressed in red robes. You sleep on the mountain-breast, and you are fond of the red colour.

M. N. Dutt: You are the artisan: You are the foremost of artists; and it is you from whom all arts have originated. You are the tearer of the eyes of Bhaga; you are Fierce, and you are the destroyer of the teeth of Pushan.

M. N. Dutt: You are Swaha, you are Svadha, you are Vashat, you are Salutation's form, and you are the words 'Namas-Namas' uttered by all worshippers. Others know not your observances and penances. You are Pranava; you are the sky bespangled with countless of stars.

M. N. Dutt: You Dhatri, and Vidhatri, and Sandhatri, Vidhatri, and the refuge of all things in the form of the Supreme cause, and you are independent of all Refuge. You are conversant with Brahma, you are Penance, you are Truth, you are the Soul of Brahmacharya, and you are Simplicity.

M. N. Dutt: You are the soul of all creatures, and you are the Creator of all creatures, you are absolute Existence, and you are the Cause whence the Past, the Present, and Cause whence the Past, the Present, and the Future, have originated. You are Earth, you are sky, and you are Heaven. You are Eternal, you are Self-controlled, and you are the great god. are

M. N. Dutt: You are initiated, and you are not initiated. You are forgiving; you are unforgiving; and you are the chastiser of the rebellions. You are the lunar month, you are the cycle, you are Destruction, and you are Creation.

M. N. Dutt: You are Lust, you are the seminal fluid, you are subtile, you are gross, and you are fond of garlands made of Karnikara flowers. You have a face like that of Nandi, you have a terrible face, you have a beautiful face, you have an ugly face, and you are without a face.

M. N. Dutt: You have four faces, you have many faces, and you have a fiery face when engaged in battles. You are Narayana, you are unattached to all things like a bird, you are Ananta, and you are Virat.

M. N. Dutt: You are the destroyer of sin, you are called Mahaparshva, you are Chandadhara, and you are the king of the spirits. You lowed like a cow, you were the protector of kine, and you have the king of bulls or your attendant.

M. N. Dutt: You are the protector of the three worlds, you are Govinda, you are the director of the senses, and you are incapable of being apprehended by the senses. You are the foremost of all creatures, you are fixed, you are immobile, you tremble not, you are of the form of trembling.

M. N. Dutt: You are incapable of being resisted, you are the destroyer of all poisons, you are incapable of being borne, and you are incapable of being excelled, you cannot be made to tremble, you cannot be measured, you cannot be defeated, you are victory.

M. N. Dutt: You are of quick speed, you are the Moon, you are Yama, you suffer ungrudgingly, cold, heat, hunger, weakness and disease. You are all mental agonies, you are all physical diseases, you are the curer of all diseases, and you are those diseases themselves which you cure.

M. N. Dutt: You are the destroyer of my Sacrifice which had tried to escape in the form of a deer. You are the coming in and going out of all diseases. You have a high crest. You have eyes like lotus-petals, You live in the midst of lotuses.

M. N. Dutt: You carry the ascetic's staff in your hands. You have the three Vedas for your three eyes. Your chastisements are fierce and severe. You are the destroyer of the egg. You are the drinker of both poison and fire, you are the foremost of all gods, you are drinker of Soma, you are the lord of the Maruts.

M. N. Dutt: You are the drinker of Ambrosia. You are the Lord of the universe. You shine in effulgence, and you are the Lord of all the shining ones. You guard against poison and death, and you drink milk and Soma. You are the foremost of the protectors of those that have fallen off from heaven, and you protect Brahman himself.

M. N. Dutt: Gold is your seminal fluid. You are male, you are female, you are neuter. You are an infant, you are a youth, you are old in years with your teeth gone, you are the foremost of Nagas, you are Shakra, you are the Destroyer of the universe, and you are its Creator.

M. N. Dutt: You are Prajapati, and you are worshipped by the Patriarchs, you are the supporter of the universe, you have the universe for your form, you are gifted with great energy, and you have faces turned towards all directions. The Sun and the Moon are your two eyes, and the Grandfather is your heart. You are the Ocean. The goodess of learning is your speech, Fire and Wind are your might. You are Day and Night. You are all acts including the opening and the shutting of the eye.

M. N. Dutt: Neither Brahman, nor Govinda, nor the ancient Rishis, can understand your greatness, O auspicious god.

M. N. Dutt: Your subtle forms cannot be seen by us. Rescue me and, O, protect me as the father protects his own begotten son.

M. N. Dutt: O protect me! I deserve your protection! I bow to you, O sinless One! You, O illustrious one, are full of mercy for your devotees. I am always devoted to you.

M. N. Dutt: Let him be always my protector who stays alone on the other side of the ocean, in a form while it is difficult to apprehend, and overwhelming many thousands of persons.

M. N. Dutt: I bow to the Soul of Yoga who is seen in the form of an effulgent Light by persons that have their senses under restraint, who are endued with the quality of Goodness, who have regulated their breaths, and who who have conquered sleep.

M. N. Dutt: I bow to him who has matted locks, who carries the ascetic's staff in his hand, who has a body having a long abdomen, who has a water bowl tied to his back, and who is the Soul of Brahman.

M. N. Dutt: I salute Him who is the soul of water, in whose hair are the clouds, in the joints of whose body are the rivers, and in whose stomach are the four oceans.

M. N. Dutt: I seek the protection of Him who, when the end of the cycle sets in, devours all creatures and lies down on the wide sheet of water that covers the universe.

M. N. Dutt: Let him who entering Rahu's mouth drinks Soma in the night and who becoming Svarbhanu devours the Sun also, protect me.

M. N. Dutt: The gods who are mere infants and who have all originated from you after Brahman's creation, enjoy their respective shares. Let them enjoy those offerings made with Svaha and Svadha, and let them enjoy pleasure from those presents. I salute them.

M. N. Dutt: Let those Beings who are tiny like the thumb and who live in all bodies, always protect and please men.

M. N. Dutt: I always salute those Beings who living within embodied creatures make the latter cry in grief, and who gladden them without themselves being glad.

M. N. Dutt: I always salute those Rudra who live in rives, in oceans in hills and mountains, in mountain-caves in the roots of trees, in cowpens, in dreary forests, in the injunction of roads, in roads, in open squares, in banks, in elephant-sheds, in stables, in car-sheds, in deserted gardens and houses, in the five principal elements, and in the cardinal and subsidiary points. I salute then again and again who live in the space amidst the Sun and Moon, as also in rays of the Sun and the Moon and them who live in the nether regions, and them who have followed the path of Renunciation and other superior practices for the sake of the Supreme.

M. N. Dutt: I always salute them who are without number and measure, and who have no form, those Rudras, who are gifted with infinite attributes.

M. N. Dutt: Since you, O Rudra, are the Creator of all creatures, since, O Hara, you are the Master of all creatures, and since you are the indwelling spirit of all creatures, therefore, you were not invited by me.

M. N. Dutt: Since you are He who is worshipped in all sacrifices with profuse gifts, and since it is you who are the Creator of all things, therefore, I did not invite you.

M. N. Dutt: Or, perhaps, O god, overpowered by your subtle illusion I failed to invite you.

M. N. Dutt: Be propitiated with me, blessed be yourself, O Bhava, with me possessed by the quality of darkness. My Mind, my Understanding, and my intellect all live in you, O god!-

M. N. Dutt: Hearing these adorations, that Lord of all creatures, viz., Mahadeva, stopped. Indeed, highly pleased, the illustrious god addressed Daksha, saying,-0 Daksha of excellent vows, I have been pleased with these adorations of yours. You need not swell the chorus of my adoration any longer! You shall have my companionship.

M. N. Dutt: Through my grace, O progenitor of creatures, you will acquire the fruit of a thousand horse-sacrifices, and a hundred Vajapeyas.

M. N. Dutt: Once more, Mahadeva, that thorough adept in speech, addressed Daksha and said to him these words fraught with great consolation:-Be you the foremost of all creatures in the world.

M. N. Dutt: You should not, O Daksha, entertain any feelings of grief for these injuries put on your Sacrifice. It has been seen that in former cycles too I had to destroy your Sacrifice.

M. N. Dutt: O you of excellent vows, I shall grant you again some more boons. Take them from me. Removing this cheerlessness that overspreads your face, hear me with rapt attention.

M. N. Dutt: With the help of reasonable arguments, the gods and the Danavas have formed from the Vedas consisting of six branches and from the philosophers of Sankhya and Yoga a creed by virtue of which they have practised the austerest penances for many long years.

M. N. Dutt: The religion, however, which I have formed is peerless, and productive of benefits on every side. Men in all modes of life can practise it. It brings on Liberation. It may be acquired in many years or through merit by persons who have controlled their senses. It is shrouded in mystery. Those who have no wisdom consider it as censurable.

M. N. Dutt: It is opposed to the duties sanctioned for the four orders of men and the four modes of life. and agrees with those duties in only a few particulars. Those who are well-skilled in the science of conclusion can understand its fitness; and they who have gone above all the modes of life can adopt it.

M. N. Dutt: In days of yore, O Daksha, this auspicious religion called Pashupata had been found out by me. The proper observance of that religion produces great benefits.

M. N. Dutt: May you get those, O highly blessed one! Renounce this fever of your heart!-Having said these words, Mahadeva, with his consort (Uma) and with all his attendants disappeared from the view of Daksha of great prowess.

M. N. Dutt: He who would recite this hymn that was first sung by Daksha or who would listen to it when sung by another, would never suffer from the smallest evil and would gain a long life.

M. N. Dutt: Indeed, as Shiva is the foremost of all the gods, so is this hymn, consonant with the Shrutis, is the foremost of all hymns.

M. N. Dutt: Persons seeking fame, kingdom, happiness, pleasure, profit and riches, and learning, should listen with devout feelings to the recital of this hymn.

M. N. Dutt: One suffering from disease, one distressed by pain, one plunged into melancholy, one assailed by thieves or by fear and one under the displeasure of the king about his charge, becomes freed from fear by reciting this hymn.

M. N. Dutt: By listening or reciting this hymn, one, even in this earthly body of his, acquires equality with the spirits who are the attendants of Mahadeva. One gains energy and fame, and becomes purged of all sin.

M. N. Dutt: Neither Rakshasas, nor Pishachas, nor ghosts, nor Vinayakas make disturbances in the house where this hymn is recited.

M. N. Dutt: That woman,. again, who listens to this hymn with pious faith, observing the practices of Brahmacharya, gains worship as a goddess in the family of her father and that of her husband.

M. N. Dutt: All the acts of that person become always successful who listens or recites with rapt attention to the whole of this hymn.

M. N. Dutt: On account of the recitation of this wishes one cherishes in his mind and all the wishes he speaks out become successful.

M. N. Dutt: That man gains all objects of enjoyment and pleasure and all things that are desired by him, who, practising self-control, makes, according to proper rites, offerings to Mahadeva, Guha, Uma, and Nandi, and thereafter utters forthwith their names, in proper order and with devotion.

M. N. Dutt: Such a man, after death, ascends to heaven, and is never born among the intermediate animals or birds. This was said by the powerful Vyasa the son of Parashara."

M. N. Dutt: Yudhishthira said Tell me, O grandfather, what is the spiritual science of man and whence does it originate.

M. N. Dutt: Bhishma said Helped by the spiritual science, one may know everything. It is, again, superior to all things. I shall, with the help of my intelligence, explain to you that spiritual science about which you ask me. Listen, O son, to my explanation.

M. N. Dutt: Earth, Wind, Ether, Water, and Light forming the fifth, are the great elements. These are the origin and the destruction of all creatures.

M. N. Dutt: The bodies of living creatures, O foremost of Bharata's race, are the result of the combination of the virtues of these five. Those virtues repeatedly come into being and repeatedly merge into the Supreme Soul.

M. N. Dutt: From those five primal elements are created all creatures, and into those five great elements all creatures resolve themselves, again and again, like the numberless waves of the Ocean rising from the Ocean and merging into that which causes thein.

M. N. Dutt: As a tortoise stretches forth its legs and withdraws them again into itself, so the numberless creatures originate from (and enter) these five great essences.

M. N. Dutt: Verily, sound originates from ether, and all dense matter is the attribute of Earth. Life springs from Wind. Taste is from Water. From is the property of Light.

M. N. Dutt: The entire mobile and immobile universe is thus the outcome of the combination of these five great essences. When Destruction sets in, the infinite variety of creatures resolve themselves into those five, and once more, when Creation begins, they originate from the same five.

M. N. Dutt: The Creator puts in all creatures the same five great elements in proportions that He thinks fit.

M. N. Dutt: Sound, the cars, and all cavities,-these three-have ether for their cause. Taste, all watery or juicy substances, and the tongue, are the properties of Water.

M. N. Dutt: From, the eye, and the digestive fire in the stomach, are the properties of Light. Smell, the organ of smelling, and the body, are the properties of Earth.

M. N. Dutt: Life, touch, and action are the properties of Wind. I have thus explained to you, O king, all the properties of the five principal elements.

M. N. Dutt: Having created these, the Supreme God, O Bharata, united with them the qualities of Goodness, Darkness, and Ignorance, Time, Consciousness of functions, and Mind forming the sixth.

M. N. Dutt: What is called the Understanding lives in the interior of what you see above the soles of the feet and below the crown of the heat.

M. N. Dutt: In man there are five senses. The sixth (sense) is the Mind. The seventh is called the Understanding. The Kshetrajna or Soul is the eighth.

M. N. Dutt: The senses and the Actor should be determined by apprehension of their respective functions. The states called Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas, depend upon the senses for their formation.

M. N. Dutt: The senses exist for simply catching the impressions of their respective objects. Doubt is the function of the Mind. The Understanding is for ascertainment. The soul is said to be only an inactive witness.

M. N. Dutt: Sattva, Rajas, Tamas, Time, and Acts, O Bharata, these attributes govern the Understanding. The Understanding is the senses and the five attributes.

M. N. Dutt: When the Understanding is not, the senses with the mind, and the five other attributes, cease to be. That by which the understanding sees is called the eye. When she smells, the becomes the organ of smell; and when she tastes the various objects, she is called tongue.

M. N. Dutt: When again she feels the touch of the various objects, she becomes the organ of touch. It is the Understanding that becomes modified variously and frequently. When the Understanding wishes for anything, she becomes Mind.

M. N. Dutt: The five senses with the Mind, which separately form the foundations (of the Understanding), are the creations of the Understanding. They are called Indriyas or organs. When they become stained, the Understanding also becomes sullied.

M. N. Dutt: The Understanding, living in individual Soul, exists in three states. Sometimes she rejoices, sometimes she grieves, and sometimes she exists in a state which is neither pleasure nor pain. Having for her essence these states, of Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas), the Understanding passes through these three states.

M. N. Dutt: As the lord of rivers, viz., the Ocean, always keeps within his bounds, so the Understanding, which exists united with the (three) states, exists in the Mind.

M. N. Dutt: When the state of Rajas is awakened, the Understanding becomes changed into Rajas. Delight, joy, gladness, happiness, and contentment, these when somehow excited, are the properties of Sattva. Heart-burning, grief, sorrow, discontentment, and unforgiveness, arising from particular causes, are the outcome of Rajas. Ignorance, attachment and mistake, carelessness, stupefaction, and terror, meanness, cheerlessness. sleep and procrastination,-these, when engendered by particular causes, are the properties of Tamas.

M. N. Dutt: Whatever state of body of mind, either joy or happiness, arises, should be considered as due to the state of Sattva.

M. N. Dutt: Whatever, again, is full of sorrow and is disagreeable to oneself, should be considered as originating from Rajas. Without undertaking any such act, one should turn his attention to it.

M. N. Dutt: Whatever is full of error or stupefaction in either body or mind, and is inconceivable and mysterious, should be known as being outcome to Tamas.

M. N. Dutt: Thus have I explained to you that all things in this world live in the Understanding. By knowing this one becomes wise. What else can be the characteristics of wisdom?

M. N. Dutt: Know now the difference between these two subtile things, viz., Understanding, the Soul. One of these viz., the Understanding, creates qualities. The other, i.e., the Soul, does not create them.

M. N. Dutt: Although they are, by nature, distinct from each other, yet they always dwell in a state of union. A fish is different from the water in which it lives, but the fish and the water exist together.

M. N. Dutt: The qualities cannot know the Soul. The Soul, however, knows them. The ignorant regard the Soul as existing in a state of union with the qualities like qualities existing with their possessors. This, however, is not the case, for the Soul is only an idle spectator of everything.

M. N. Dutt: The Understanding has no refuge. That which is called life originates from the effects of the qualities coming together. Others, acting as causes, create the Understanding that lives in the body. No one can apprehend the qualities in the true nature or from of existence.

M. N. Dutt: The Understanding, as already said, creates the qualities. The Soul simply sees them. This union between the Understanding and the Soul is eternal.

M. N. Dutt: The Understanding living within, perceives all things through the Senses which are by nature inanimate and unapprehending. In sooth, the senses are only like lamps.

M. N. Dutt: This is there nature. Knowing this, one should live cheerfully, without giving way to either grief or joy. Such a man is above the influence of pride.

M. N. Dutt: Owing to her nature, the Understanding creates all these attributes, as a spider weaves threads. These qualities should be known as the threads the spider weaves.

M. N. Dutt: When destroyed, the qualities do not cease to exist; only, their existence becomes invisible. When, however, a thing is beyond the range of the senses, its existence (or otherwise) is understood by inference. This is the opinion of some persons. Others hold that with destruction the qualities cease to be. are

M. N. Dutt: Solving this hard problem of the understanding and reflection, and removing all doubt, one should renounce sorrow and live happily.

M. N. Dutt: As men not knowing the bottom become distressed when they fall upon this Earth which is like a river filled with the waters of stupefaction, so is that man pained who falls away from that state in which there is a union with the Understanding.

M. N. Dutt: Learned men, however, conversant with spiritual science and armed with fortitu never afflicted, because they can go to the other end of those waters. Indeed, Knowledge is a good vessel.

M. N. Dutt: Men of knowledge have not to meet those fears which terrify them that are shorn of knowledge. Regarding the righteous, none of them attains to an end which is superior to that of any other person amongst them. In fact, the righteous display an equality about it.

M. N. Dutt: Regarding the man of knowledge, whatever acts have been done by him in pristine times out of Ignorance and whatever sinful acts he does, he destroys both by Knowledge as his sole means. Then, again, upon the attainment of Knowledge he ceases to commit these two evils, viz., blaming the wicked acts of others and doing any wicked acts himself under the influence of attachment.