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Book 12 – Chapter 285
BORI CE: 12-285-001 जनक उवाच |
MN DUTT: 08-123-001 जनक उवाच वर्णो विशेषवर्णानां महर्षे केन जायते |
M. N. Dutt: Janaka said Whence, O great Rishi, does this difference of colour arise among men of the different orders? I wish to know this. Tell me this, O foreinost of speakers. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-002 यदेतज्जायतेऽपत्यं स एवायमिति श्रुतिः |
MN DUTT: 08-123-002 यदेतज्जायतेऽपत्यं स एवायमिति श्रुतिः |
M. N. Dutt: The Shrutis say that the offspring one begets is his own self. Originally sprung from Brahman, all the inhabitants of the Earth should have been Brahmanas. Sprung from Brahmanas, why have men begun to perform works distinguished from those of Brahmanas. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-003 पराशर उवाच BORI CE: 12-285-004 सुक्षेत्राच्च सुबीजाच्च पुण्यो भवति संभवः |
MN DUTT: 08-123-003 पराशर उवाच एवमेतन्महाराज येन जातः स एव सः |
M. N. Dutt: Parashara said It is as you say, O king! The offspring begotten by one is none else than the begetter himself. Because men have deviated from penance, this distribution into classes of different colours has taken place. When the soil and the seed is good, the offspring produced become meritorious. If, however, the soil and seed are inferior, the offspring that will be born will be inferior. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-005 वक्त्राद्भुजाभ्यामूरुभ्यां पद्भ्यां चैवाथ जज्ञिरे |
MN DUTT: 08-123-004 वक्त्राद् भुजाभ्यामूरुभ्यां पद्भ्यां चैवाथ जज्ञिरे |
M. N. Dutt: Persons well read in the scriptures know that when the Lord of all creatures began to create the worlds, some creatures originated from his mouth, some from his arms, some from his thighs, and some from his feet. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-006 मुखजा ब्राह्मणास्तात बाहुजाः क्षत्रबन्धवः |
MN DUTT: 08-123-005 मुखजा ब्राह्मणास्तात बाहुजाः क्षत्रियाः स्मृताः |
M. N. Dutt: Those who came out of his mouth, O child, were called Brahmanas. Those who originated from his arms were called Kshatriyas. Those, O king, sprang from his thighs, and some from his feet. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-007 चतुर्णामेव वर्णानामागमः पुरुषर्षभ |
MN DUTT: 08-123-006 चतुर्णामेव वर्णानामागमः पुरुषर्षभ |
M. N. Dutt: Only these four orders of men, O king, were thus created. They who belong to classes besides these are said to have originated from an intermixture of these. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-008 क्षत्रजातिरथाम्बष्ठा उग्रा वैदेहकास्तथा BORI CE: 12-285-009 आयोगाः करणा व्रात्याश्चण्डालाश्च नराधिप |
MN DUTT: 08-123-007 क्षत्रियातिरथाम्बष्ठा उग्रा वैदेहकास्तथा |
M. N. Dutt: The Kshatriyas called Atirathas, Amvashthas, Ugras, Vaidehas, Shvapakas, Pukasas, Stenas, Nishadas, Sutas, and Chandalas, O monarch, have all originated form the four original castes by intermixture with one another. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-010 जनक उवाच |
MN DUTT: 08-123-008 जनक उवाच ब्रह्मणैकेन जातानां नानात्वं गोत्रतः कथम् |
M. N. Dutt: Janka said When all have originated from Brahman alone, how did human beings become divergent of race? O best of ascetics, numberless diversity of races is seen in this world. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-011 यत्र तत्र कथं जाताः स्वयोनिं मुनयो गताः |
MN DUTT: 08-123-009 यत्र तत्र कथं जाताः स्वयोनि मुनयो गताः |
M. N. Dutt: How could, men devoted to penances acquire the dignity of Brahmanas, though of indiscriminate origin? Indeed, those born in pure wombs and those in impure, all became Brahmanas. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-012 पराशर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 08-123-010 पराशर उवाच राजन्नेतद् भवेद् ग्राह्यमपकृष्टेन जन्मना |
M. N. Dutt: O king, that status of great persons who succeeded in purifying their souls by penances could not be regarded as affected by their low births. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-013 उत्पाद्य पुत्रान्मुनयो नृपते यत्र तत्र ह |
MN DUTT: 08-123-011 उत्पाद्य पुत्रान् मुनयो नृपते यत्र तत्र ह |
M. N. Dutt: Great Rishi, O monarch, by begetting children in indiscriminate wombs, gave them the dignity of Rishis by means of their power of asceticism. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-014 पितामहश्च मे पूर्वमृश्यशृङ्गश्च काश्यपः BORI CE: 12-285-015 यवक्रीतश्च नृपते द्रोणश्च वदतां वरः BORI CE: 12-285-016 एते स्वां प्रकृतिं प्राप्ता वैदेह तपसोऽऽश्रयात् |
MN DUTT: 08-123-012 पितामहश्च मे पूर्वमृष्यशृङ्गश्च काश्यपः |
M. N. Dutt: My grandfather Vashishtha, Rishyashringa, Kashyapa, Veda, Tandya, Kripa, Kakshivat, Kamatha, and others, and Yavakrita, O king, and Drona, that foremost of speakers, and Ayu, and Matanga and Datta, and Drupada, and Matsya-all these, O king of the Videhas, gained their respective positions through penance as the means. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-017 मूलगोत्राणि चत्वारि समुत्पन्नानि पार्थिव |
MN DUTT: 08-123-013 मूलगोत्राणि चत्वारि समुत्पन्नानि पार्थिव |
M. N. Dutt: Originally only four families arose, O king viz., Angiras, Kashyapa, Vashishtha and Bhrigu. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-018 कर्मतोऽन्यानि गोत्राणि समुत्पन्नानि पार्थिव |
MN DUTT: 08-123-014 कर्मतोऽन्यानि गोत्राणि समुत्पन्नानि पार्थिव |
M. N. Dutt: On account of acts and behaviour, O king, many other families came into existence in time. The names of those families have originated from the penances of those who have founded them. Good people use them. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-019 जनक उवाच |
MN DUTT: 08-123-015 जनक उवाच विशेषधर्मान् वर्णानां प्रबूहि भगवन् मम |
M. N. Dutt: Janaka said Tell me, O holy one, the especial duties of the several castes. Tell me also with their common duties are. You know everything. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-020 पराशर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 08-123-016 पराशर उवाच प्रतिग्रहो याजनं च तथैवाध्यापनं नृप |
M. N. Dutt: Parashara said Taking gifts, officiating at the sacrifices of others, the teaching of pupils, O king, are the especial duties of the Brahmanas. The protection of the other castes is the special duty of the Kshatriya. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-021 कृषिश्च पाशुपाल्यं च वाणिज्यं च विशामपि |
MN DUTT: 08-123-017 कृषिश्च पाशुपाल्यं च वाणिज्यं च विशामपि |
M. N. Dutt: Agriculture, cattle-tending, and trade are the duties, of the Vaishyas. While service of the (three) twice-born classes is the duty, 0 king, of the Shudras. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-022 विशेषधर्मा नृपते वर्णानां परिकीर्तिताः |
MN DUTT: 08-123-018 विशेषधर्मा नृपते वर्णानां परिकीर्तिताः |
M. N. Dutt: I have now told you what the especial duties are of the four castes, O king. Hear, now, O child as I tell you what the common duties are of all the four castes. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-023 आनृशंस्यमहिंसा चाप्रमादः संविभागिता BORI CE: 12-285-024 स्वेषु दारेषु संतोषः शौचं नित्यानसूयता |
MN DUTT: 08-123-019 आनृशंस्यमहिंसा चाप्रमादः संविभागिता |
M. N. Dutt: Compassion, abstention from injury, carefulness, giving to others what is due to them, Shraddhas in honour of departed manes, hospitality to guests, truthfulness, subjugation of anger, contentedness with one's own married wives, purity, freedom from malice, knowledge of Self, and Renunciation,-these duties, O king are common to all the castes. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-025 ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्यास्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः |
MN DUTT: 08-123-020 ब्राह्मणा: क्षत्रिया वैश्यास्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः |
M. N. Dutt: Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas,these are the three twice-born orders, They have all an equal right to the performance of these dutics, O foremost of men. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-026 विकर्मावस्थिता वर्णाः पतन्ति नृपते त्रयः |
MN DUTT: 08-123-021 विकर्मावस्थिता वर्णाः पतन्ते नृपते त्रयः |
M. N. Dutt: These three castes following the duties Other than those sanctioned for them, suffer indignity, O king, as they go up and acquire great merit by taking for their model some righteous individual of their respective classes who duly satisfies his own duties. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-027 न चापि शूद्रः पततीति निश्चयो; न चापि संस्कारमिहार्हतीति वा |
MN DUTT: 08-123-022 न चापि शूद्रः पततीति निश्चयो न चापि संस्कारमिहार्हतीति वा |
M. N. Dutt: The Shudra never falls down; nor is he worthy of any of the rites of regeneration. The course of duties originating from the Vedas is not his. He is not interdicted, however, from practising the thirteen duties which are common to all the castes. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-028 वैदेहकं शूद्रमुदाहरन्ति; द्विजा महाराज श्रुतोपपन्नाः |
MN DUTT: 08-123-023 वैदेह कं शूद्रमुदाहरन्ति द्विजा महाराज श्रुतोपपन्नाः |
M. N. Dutt: O king of the Videhas, Brahmanas learned in the Vedas, O king, regard a (virtutous) Shudra as equal to Brahman himself. I, however, O king, regard such a Shudra as the effulgent Vishnu of the universe, the foremost one in all the worlds. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-029 सतां वृत्तमनुष्ठाय निहीना उज्जिहीर्षवः |
MN DUTT: 08-123-024 सतां वृत्तमधिष्ठाय निहीना उद्दिधीर्षवः |
M. N. Dutt: Persons of the lowest caste, desiring to root out the evil passions, may follow the conduct of the good; and, while so acting, they may acquire great merit by performing all rites that lead to advancement, omitting the Mantras which are to be uttered by the other castes while performing the self-same ceremonies. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-030 यथा यथा हि सद्वृत्तमालम्बन्तीतरे जनाः |
MN DUTT: 08-123-025 यथा यथा हि सद्वृत्तमालम्बन्तीतरे जनाः |
M. N. Dutt: Wherever persons of the lowest caste follow the conduct of the good, they succeed in acquiring happiness on account of which they are able to pass their time in happiness both in this world and the next. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-031 जनक उवाच |
MN DUTT: 08-123-026 जनक उवाच किं कर्म दूषयत्येनमथो जातिर्महामुने |
M. N. Dutt: Janaka said O great ascetic, is man sullied by his deeds or is he stained by the order or class in which he is born? A doubt has arisen in my mind. You should expound this to me. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-032 पराशर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 08-123-027 पराशर उवाच असंशयं महाराज उभयं दोषकारकम् |
M. N. Dutt: Parashara said Forsooth, O king, both, viz., acts and birth, are sources of demerit. Listen now to their difference. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-033 जात्या च कर्मणा चैव दुष्टं कर्म निषेवते |
MN DUTT: 08-123-028 जात्या च कर्मणा चैव दुष्टं कर्म न सेवते |
M. N. Dutt: That man who, though sullied by birth, does not coinmit sin, abstains from sin notwithstanding birth and acts. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-034 जात्या प्रधानं पुरुषं कुर्वाणं कर्म धिक्कृतम् |
MN DUTT: 08-123-029 जात्या प्रधानं पुरुषं कुर्वाणं कर्म धिक्कृतम् |
M. N. Dutt: If, however, a person of superior birth perpetrates censurable deeds, such acts pollute him. Hence, of the two, viz., acts and birth, acts pollute man. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-035 जनक उवाच |
MN DUTT: 08-123-030 जनक उवाच कानि कर्माणि धाणि लोकेऽस्मिन् द्विजसत्तम |
M. N. Dutt: Janaka said What are those righteous acts in this world, 0 best of all twice-born ones, the accomplishment of which does not inflict any injury upon other creatures? |
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BORI CE: 12-285-036 पराशर उवाच |
MN DUTT: 08-123-031 पराशर उवाच शृणु मेऽत्र महाराज यन्मां त्वं परिपृच्छसि |
M. N. Dutt: Parashara said Hear from me, O king, about what you ask, viz.., those acts free from injury which always rescue man. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-037 संन्यस्याग्नीनुपासीनाः पश्यन्ति विगतज्वराः BORI CE: 12-285-038 प्रश्रिता विनयोपेता दमनित्याः सुसंशिताः |
MN DUTT: 08-123-032 संन्यस्याग्नीनुदासीनाः पश्यन्ति विगतज्वराः |
M. N. Dutt: Those who, keeping aside their domestic fires, have freed themselves from all worldly attachments, become freed from all anxieties. Gradually getting up step by step, in the path of Yoga, they at last see the stage of highest happiness. Gifted with faith and humility, always practising self-control, possessed of keen intelligence, and abstaining from all acts, they acquire eternal happiness. |
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BORI CE: 12-285-039 सर्वे वर्णा धर्मकार्याणि सम्य;क्कृत्वा राजन्सत्यवाक्यानि चोक्त्वा |
MN DUTT: 08-123-033 सर्वे वर्णा धर्मकार्याणि सम्यक् कृत्वा राजन् सत्यवाक्यानि चोक्त्वा |
M. N. Dutt: All classes of men, O king, by duly doing virtuous acts, by speaking the truth, and by abstaining from sin, in this world, go up to heaven. There is no doubt in this. |
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