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Book 14 – Chapter 043
BORI CE: 14-043-001 ब्रह्मोवाच BORI CE: 14-043-002 अविः पशूनां सर्वेषामाखुश्च बिलवासिनाम् |
MN DUTT: 09-211-001 मनुष्याणां तु राजन्यः क्षत्रियो मध्यमो गुणः |
M. N. Dutt: Brahman said Among men, the royal Kshatriya is gifted with the middle quality. Among vehicles, the elephant (is so); and among dwellers of the forest the lion; among all (sacrificial) animals, the sheep; among all those that live in holes, is the snake; among cattle, the bull; among females, the male. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-003 न्यग्रोधो जम्बुवृक्षश्च पिप्पलः शाल्मलिस्तथा |
MN DUTT: 09-211-002 न्यग्रोधे जम्बुवृक्षश्च पिप्पल: शाल्मलिस्तथा |
M. N. Dutt: There is no doubt in this that in this world, the Nyagrodha, the Jambu, the Pippala, the Shalmali, the Shinshapa, the Meshashringa, and the Kichaka, are the foremost ones among trees. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-004 हिमवान्पारियात्रश्च सह्यो विन्ध्यस्त्रिकूटवान् BORI CE: 14-043-005 शुभस्कन्धो महेन्द्रश्च माल्यवान्पर्वतस्तथा |
MN DUTT: 09-211-003 एते दुमाणां राजानो लोकेऽस्मिन् नात्र संशयः |
M. N. Dutt: Himavat, Pariyatra, Pariyatra, Sahya, Vindhya, Trikutavat, Shveta, Nila, Bhasa, Kushthavat, Guruskandha, Mahendra, and Malayavat, these are the foremost of mountains. Likewise the Maruts are the foremost of the Ganas. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-006 सूर्यो ग्रहाणामधिपो नक्षत्राणां च चन्द्रमाः |
MN DUTT: 09-211-004 सूर्यो ग्रहाणामधिपो नक्षत्राणां च चन्द्रमाः |
M. N. Dutt: The Sun is the lord of all the planets, and the Moon of all the constellations. Yama is the lord of the departed manes; Ocean is the lord of all rivers. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-007 अम्भसां वरुणो राजा सत्त्वानां मित्र उच्यते |
MN DUTT: 09-211-005 अम्भसां वरुणो राजा मरुतामिन्द्र उच्यते |
M. N. Dutt: Varuna is the king of the waters. Indra is said to be the king of the Maruts. Arka is the king of all hot bodies, and Indra of all luminous bodies. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-008 अग्निर्भूतपतिर्नित्यं ब्राह्मणानां बृहस्पतिः |
MN DUTT: 09-211-006 अग्निभूतपतिर्नित्यं ब्राह्मणानां बृहस्पतिः |
M. N. Dutt: Agni is the eternal lord of the elements, and Brihaspati of the Brahmanas. Soma is the lord herbs, and Vishnu is the foremost of all that are gifted with might. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-009 त्वष्टाधिराजो रूपाणां पशूनामीश्वरः शिवः |
MN DUTT: 09-211-007 त्वष्टाधिराजो रूपाणां पशूनामीश्वरः शिवः |
M. N. Dutt: Tvashtri is the king of Rudras, and Shiva of all creatures. Sacrifice is the foremost of all initiatory rites and Maghavat of the celestials. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-010 दिशामुदीची विप्राणां सोमो राजा प्रतापवान् |
MN DUTT: 09-211-008 दिशामुदीची विप्राणां सोमो राजा प्रतापवान् |
M. N. Dutt: The North is the lord of all the points of the compass; the energetic Soma is the lord of all learned Brahmanas. Kubera is the lord of all precious gems, and Purandara of all the celestials. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 09-211-009 एष भूताधिपः सर्गः प्रजानां च प्रजापतिः |
M. N. Dutt: Such is the highest creation among all entities. Prajapati is the lord of all creatures. Of all entities whatever, I, who am full of Brahma, am the foremost. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-011 सर्वेषामेव भूतानामहं ब्रह्ममयो महान् |
MN DUTT: 09-211-009 एष भूताधिपः सर्गः प्रजानां च प्रजापतिः MN DUTT: 09-211-010 भूतं परतरं मत्तो विष्णोर्वाऽपि न विद्यते |
M. N. Dutt: Such is the highest creation among all entities. Prajapati is the lord of all creatures. Of all entities whatever, I, who am full of Brahma, am the foremost. There is no entity that is higher than myself or Vishnu. The great Vishnu, who is full of Brahma, is the king of kings over all. Know him to be the king, the creator, the uncreated Hari. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-012 राजाधिराजः सर्वासां विष्णुर्ब्रह्ममयो महान् |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
Corresponding verse not found in M. N. Dutt's version. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-013 नरकिंनरयक्षाणां गन्धर्वोरगरक्षसाम् |
MN DUTT: 09-211-011 नरकिन्नरयक्षाणां गन्धर्वोरगरक्षसाम् |
M. N. Dutt: He is the ruler of men and Kinnaras and Yakshas and Gandharvas, and snakes and Rakshasas, and celestials and Danavas and Nagas. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-014 भगदेवानुयातानां सर्वासां वामलोचना |
MN DUTT: 09-211-012 भगदेवानुयातानां सर्वासा वामलोचना |
M. N. Dutt: Among those that are followed by persons full of desire is the great goddess Mahesvari having beautiful eyes. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-015 उमां देवीं विजानीत नारीणामुत्तमां शुभाम् |
MN DUTT: 09-211-013 उमां देवीं विजानीध्वं नारीणामुत्तमां शुभाम् |
M. N. Dutt: She is otherwisc called by the name of Parvati. Know that the goddess Uma is the foremost and the most auspicious of women. Ainong women who are a source of pleasure, the foremost are the Apsaras who are endued with great splendour. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-016 धर्मकामाश्च राजानो ब्राह्मणा धर्मलक्षणाः |
MN DUTT: 09-211-014 राजानो ब्राह्मणा धर्मसेतवः |
M. N. Dutt: Kings are desirous of acquiring piety, and Brahmanas are causeways of Piety. Therefore, the king should always strive to protect the twice-born ones. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-017 राज्ञां हि विषये येषामवसीदन्ति साधवः |
MN DUTT: 09-211-015 धर्मकामाश्च राज्ञां हि विषये येषामवसीदन्ति साधवः |
M. N. Dutt: Those kings in whose kingdoms good men languish are considered as bereft of the virtues of their order. Hereafter they have to go into wrong paths. |
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Corresponding verse not found in BORI CE |
MN DUTT: 09-211-016 राज्ञां हि विषये येषां साधवः परिरक्षिताः |
M. N. Dutt: Those kings in whose territories good men are protected, rejoice in this world and enjoy happiness in the next. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-018 राज्ञां तु विषये येषां साधवः परिरक्षिताः BORI CE: 14-043-019 अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि नियतं धर्मलक्षणम् BORI CE: 14-043-020 प्रकाशलक्षणा देवा मनुष्याः कर्मलक्षणाः BORI CE: 14-043-021 ज्योतिषां लक्षणं रूपमापश्च रसलक्षणाः BORI CE: 14-043-022 स्वरव्यञ्जनसंस्कारा भारती सत्यलक्षणा BORI CE: 14-043-023 मनसा चिन्तयानोऽर्थान्बुद्ध्या चैव व्यवस्यति BORI CE: 14-043-024 लक्षणं महतो ध्यानमव्यक्तं साधुलक्षणम् |
MN DUTT: 09-211-016 राज्ञां हि विषये येषां साधवः परिरक्षिताः MN DUTT: 09-211-017 प्राप्नुवन्ति महात्मान इति वित्त द्विजर्षभाः MN DUTT: 09-211-018 अहिंसा परमो धर्मो हिंसा चाधर्मलक्षणा MN DUTT: 09-211-019 शब्दलक्षणमाकाशं वायुस्तु स्पर्शलक्षणः MN DUTT: 09-211-020 धारिणी सर्वभूतानां पृथिवी गन्धलक्षणा MN DUTT: 09-211-021 मनसो लक्षणं चिन्ता चिन्तोक्ता बुद्धिलक्षणा MN DUTT: 09-211-022 बुद्धिर्हि व्यवसायेन लक्ष्यते नात्र संशयः MN DUTT: 09-211-023 प्रवृत्तिलक्षणो योगो ज्ञानं संन्यासलक्षणम् |
M. N. Dutt: Those kings in whose territories good men are protected, rejoice in this world and enjoy happiness in the next. Indeed, those great ones attain to the highest seat. Understand this, you foremost of twice-born ones! I shall after this describe the eternal characteristics of duties. Abstention from injury is the highest duty, Injury is a mark of sin. Splendour is the mark of the deities. Men have acts for their characteristics. Ether (or space) has sound for its characteristic. Wind has touch for its characteristic. The characteristic of luminous bodies is colour, and water has taste for its characteristic. Earth, which holds all entities, has smell for its characteristic. Speech has words for its characteristic, refined into vowels and consonants. Mind has thought for its characteristic. Thought has again, been said to be the characteristic of the understanding. The thing thought of by the mind are determined with accuracy by the understanding. There is no doubt in this, viz., that the understanding, by perseverance, perceives all things. The characteristic of mind is meditation. The characteristic of the good man is that he does not allow his acts to be noticed. Devotion has acts for its characteristic. Knowledge is the characteristic of renunciation. Therefore, kecping knowledge before his view, the man of understanding should practise renunciation. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-025 तस्माज्ज्ञानं पुरस्कृत्य संन्यसेदिह बुद्धिमान् |
MN DUTT: 09-211-024 संन्यासी ज्ञानसंयुक्तः प्राप्नोति परमां गतिम् |
M. N. Dutt: The man who follows renunciation and who is endued with knowledge, who is above all pairs of opposites, as also darkness, death, and decrepitude, attains to the highest goal. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-026 धर्मलक्षणसंयुक्तमुक्तं वो विधिवन्मया |
MN DUTT: 09-211-025 धर्मलक्षणसंयुक्तमुक्तं वो विधिवन्मया |
M. N. Dutt: I have thus described to you duly what the characteristics are of duty. I shall, after this tell you of the comprehension of qualities. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-027 पार्थिवो यस्तु गन्धो वै घ्राणेनेह स गृह्यते |
MN DUTT: 09-211-026 पार्थिवो यस्तु गन्धो वै घ्राणेन हि स गृह्यते |
M. N. Dutt: Smell, which belongs to earth, is seized by the nose. The wind, which dwells in the nose is likewise appointed as an agent) in the perception of smell. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-028 अपां धातुरसो नित्यं जिह्वया स तु गृह्यते |
MN DUTT: 09-211-027 अपां धातू रसो नित्यं जिह्वया स तु गृह्यते |
M. N. Dutt: Taste is the essence of water. That is perceived by the tongue. Soma, who lives in the tongue, is appointed likewise in the perception of taste. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-029 ज्योतिषश्च गुणो रूपं चक्षुषा तच्च गृह्यते |
MN DUTT: 09-211-028 ज्योतिषश्च गुणो रूपं चक्षुषा तच्च गृह्यते |
M. N. Dutt: The quality of a lighted body is colour. That is apprehended by the eye. Aditya who always lives in the eye has been appointed in the perception of colour. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-030 वायव्यस्तु तथा स्पर्शस्त्वचा प्रज्ञायते च सः |
MN DUTT: 09-211-029 वायव्यस्तु सदा स्पर्शस्त्वचा प्रज्ञायते च सः |
M. N. Dutt: Touch always belongs to the wind (as its quality). That is perceived by the skin. The wind that always lives in the skin has been appointed in apprehending touch. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-031 आकाशस्य गुणो घोषः श्रोत्रेण स तु गृह्यते |
MN DUTT: 09-211-030 आकाशस्य गुणो ह्येष श्रोत्रेण च स गृह्यते |
M. N. Dutt: The quality of a ether is sound. That is seized by the car. All the quarters, which live in the ear, have been appointed in apprehending sound. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-032 मनसस्तु गुणश्चिन्ता प्रज्ञया स तु गृह्यते |
MN DUTT: 09-211-031 मनसश्च गुणश्चिन्ता प्रज्ञया स तु गृह्यते |
M. N. Dutt: The quality of the mind is thought. That is seized by the understanding. The upholder of consciousness, living in the heart, has been appointed in apprehending the mind. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-033 बुद्धिरध्यवसायेन ध्यानेन च महांस्तथा |
MN DUTT: 09-211-032 बुद्धिरध्यवसायेन ज्ञानेन च महांस्तथा |
M. N. Dutt: The understanding is appended in the form of determination or certitude, and principle of Greatness in the form of knowledge. The unperceived (Nature) has been, it is evident, appointed for the seizure of all things after certitude. There is no doubt in this. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-034 अलिङ्गग्रहणो नित्यः क्षेत्रज्ञो निर्गुणात्मकः |
MN DUTT: 09-211-033 अलिग्रहणो नित्यः क्षेत्रज्ञे निर्गुणात्मकः |
M. N. Dutt: The Kshetrajna which is eternal and is shorn of qualities about its essence, is incapable of being seized by symbols. Hence, the characteristic of the Kshetrajna, which is without symbols, is purely knowledge. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-035 अव्यक्तं क्षेत्रमुद्दिष्टं गुणानां प्रभवाप्ययम् |
MN DUTT: 09-211-034 अव्यक्तं क्षेत्रमुद्दिष्टं गुणानां प्रभवाप्ययम् |
M. N. Dutt: The unmanifest lives in the symbol called. Kshetra, and is that in which the qualities are produced and absorbed. I always see, know, and hear it (though) it is hidden. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-036 पुरुषस्तद्विजानीते तस्मात्क्षेत्रज्ञ उच्यते |
MN DUTT: 09-211-035 पुरुषस्तद् विजानीते तस्मात् क्षेत्रज्ञ उच्यते |
M. N. Dutt: Purusha knows it; therefore is he called Kshetrajna. The Kshetrajna perceives also the action of the qualities and absence of their actions. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-037 आदिमध्यावसानान्तं सृज्यमानमचेतनम् |
MN DUTT: 09-211-036 आदिमध्यावसानान्तं सृज्यमानमचेतनम् |
M. N. Dutt: The qualities, which are created repeatedly, do not know themselves, being unintelligent, as entities to be created and gifted with a beginning, middle, and end. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-038 न सत्यं वेद वै कश्चित्क्षेत्रज्ञस्त्वेव विन्दति |
MN DUTT: 09-211-037 न सत्यं विन्दते कश्चित् क्षेत्रज्ञस्त्वेव विन्दति |
M. N. Dutt: No one else, but the Kshetrajna, comes by that which is the highest and great and which is above the qualities and those entities which are born of the qualities. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-039 तस्माद्गुणांश्च तत्त्वं च परित्यज्येह तत्त्ववित् |
MN DUTT: 09-211-038 तस्माद् गुणांश्च सत्त्वं च परित्यज्येह धर्मवित् |
M. N. Dutt: Hence, who understands duties, renouncing qualities and the understanding, and having his destroyed, and transcending the qualities, enters the Kshetrajna. |
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BORI CE: 14-043-040 निर्द्वंद्वो निर्नमस्कारो निःस्वधाकार एव च |
MN DUTT: 09-211-039 निर्द्वन्द्वो निमस्कारो नि:स्वाहाकार एव च |
M. N. Dutt: One who is free from all pairs of opposites, who never bends his head to any one, who is divested of Svaha, who is immovable, and hom ess, is the Kshetrajna. He is the Supreme Lord. one sons |
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